高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day 73
Passage 1
Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under accusation of the unproven crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus doing, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen’s rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution (宪法), beyond the power of any State to deny.
Our democratic-republican government is based on the idea of the natural right of every individual member to a voice and a vote in making and executing the laws. We declare the duty of government to be to secure the people in the enjoyment of their unchallengeable right. We throw to the winds the belief that government can give rights.
\"All men are created equal, and gifted by their Creator with certain undeniable rights. Among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these, governments are established among men, gaining their just powers from the agreement of the governed. \"
Here is no shadow of government authority over rights, or exclusion of any class from their full and equal enjoyment. Here is pronounced the right of all men, and \"therefore, \" as the Quaker minister said, \"of all women, \" to a voice in the
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government. And here, in this first paragraph of the Declaration, is the declaration of the natural right of all to the vote; for how can \"the agreement of the governed\" be given, if the right to vote be denied?
The introduction of the Federal(联邦的) Constitution says: \"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic peacefulness, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty ourselves and our posterity(子嗣), do establish this Constitution for the United States of America. \"
It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people—women as well as men. And it is absolute ridicule to talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government—the vote.
1. The speaker was standing in front of the audience to ________ .
A. accuse the government of having denied treating her unfairly
B. fight for the legal right to vote in the United States as a woman
C. share a recent victory on voting for the president of the States
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D. guarantee that they could better understand the National Constitution
2. The expression “throw to the winds” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________ ”.
A. abandon B. emphasize
C. shake D. spread
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the speech?________
A. The Quaker minister holds conflicting opinions on women’s right to vote.
B. Government authority has the right to bar some of the governed out of liberty.
C. The policy is undeniably adopted that all the governed in America have the equal rights.
D. There’s no way to the real agreement of the governed if women’s vote right is robbed.
4. It can be inferred from the speech that ________ .
A. it’s more important to have liberty than have good wishes of it.
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B. the Federal Constitution comes from the National Constitution.
C. it’s ridiculous that women enjoy liberty while their rights are not secured.
D. racial and gender issues are among the major social problems of the USA.
5. Which of the following might be the best title of the speech?________
A. For the Sake of Liberty and Happiness
B. Vote on the Women’s Rights
C. In the Name of Equal Right to Vote
D. Power of American Constitution
Passage 2
A child's map often provides a much-needed rest for parents too. Time for an uninterrupted phone call, or a rest on the sofa. And naps have to be a good thing for preschools, surely, since they need to take a rest and get enough sleep for their brains to develop. Short naps have also been shown to be good for adults---improving alertness and reaction times.
So it feels counterintuitive for a review of 26 studies to conclude that napping in children over two years of age may not be a good idea at all. The review
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says that after two years of age, napping is associated with going to sleep late at night, poorer quality sleep and waking earlier. So should we discourage naps in preschool children -even if they really seem to need one?
Although the review talks about the effects of napping on two-year-olds, most of the evidence in review actually comes from studies on three-year-olds. Also, the authors of the view article are clear that the research on children’s naps is of poor quality; some studies rely on parents’ remembering how much their children slept, or are for very short periods.
A study published in the journal of attention disorders in February suffers from some methodological shortcomings (for instance small numbers --only 28 children between the ages of three and four, and only for five days), but is at least a randomized (任意的) controlled trial, using actigraphs (活动记录仪) worn on the wrist to objectively measure sleep. It found that children who missed their naps slept better at night and scored higher in studies of memory and attention.
Dr Mark Mahone, one of the authors, says that sleep at night may be of a better quality than during daytime napping. Having a sound sleep at night, he says, provides a greater proportion of the slow-wave, restorative sleep that promotes brain development and reinforces what has been learned the day before. The study also found that the children who went without naps did not sleep more at weekends.
I could never get my children to nap, but for parents who can, there is no
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reason to stop. Mahone says that more research is needed before anyone starts making recommendation, and children’s sleep requirements are known to be variable.
1. The word ‘’counterintuitive’’ in para. 2 most probably means________ .
A. difficult
B. unreasonable
C. revolutionary
D. meaningless
2. What does the author think of the study published in Attention Disoders？________
A. Its objects are too young to take the test
B. Its findings are reliable due to the actigraphs
C. It has enough objects to produce the results
D. It provides various ways to help adults to take naps
3. According to Dr Mark Mahone, a better-quality night sleep will result in
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________ .
A. frequent rests on the sofa
B. higher efficiency of learning
C. more serious attention disorder
D. fewer daytime naps at weekends
4. The author talks mainly about his or her ________ .
A. opinions on whether children needs naps
B. various systemic studies on children’s naps
C. comments on some studies on children’s naps
D. understanding of the functions of children’s naps
Passage 3
GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result,
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however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed
seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.
Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness（认真）and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer’s time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.
When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.
That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public
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image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.
Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.
1. Which of the following can best replace “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2?
A. Examined. B. Attracted.
C. Organized. D. Recognized.
2. What can we learn from the research?
A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities.
B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.
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C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds.
D. College students pride themselves on their education.
3. According to the last two paragraphs, .
A. college students enjoy a very good public image
B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude
C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks
D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the finding?
A. Concerned. B. Optimistic.
C. Unclear. D. Sceptical.
Passage 4
Early or Later Day Care
Many young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this subject.
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The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and lead to psychological problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes, and many people do believe this.
According to Bowlby, a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separated from their parents. If they are left without touch for a while, they will have a higher stress level. Parents’ influence on their children’s well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child’s brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.
However, there are critics. Some anthropologists (人类学家) point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother did not bring up their children alone. Plato, around 394 B. C., argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in society. Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that child-raising duties are more evenly distributed among a broader group of people.
Besides, studies have reported that early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development. They learn the benefits of being socially smart, understanding the concept of sharing and caring. They promote
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concentration skills, which is very important in their learning. There are games where children are taught basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples.
Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it. But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three almost all children find it easy to go to the nursery. The matter, then, is far from being clearly known, though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.
1. The passage mainly argues whether ______.
A. children over three will accept school education
B. children under three should be sent to nursery schools
C. the family relationship is different in traditional societies
D. early day care should be totally replaced in modern societies
2. Which of the following supports Bowlby’s theory?
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A. Early day care wouldn’t be so popular if it had negative effects.
B. Separation from parents for young children is common in history.
C. Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.
D. Studies show early day care has a positive effect on children’s development.
3. The author’s attitude towards early day care is that ______.
A. children under three should stay with their parents
B. it has potential benefits for both children and parents
C. the bad effect of it on children will disappear as they grow up
D. it is controversial and the settlement calls for the use of statistics
4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
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A. B.
C. D.
Passage 5
Secrets I Know (Random House Children’s Books, ages 3-7)
This tale written by Kallie George and pictured by Paola Zakimi follows a young girl and her little friend as they move from rain to sunshine, from pleasant loneliness to sweet friendship, and finally from adventures on earth to an exploration of the sky above. The colors of Zakimi’s pencildrawings are calming and George’s poetic text tells her story with simple language.
Pandora (Clarion Books, ages 3-7)
The award-winning author Victoria Turnbull tells the story of a little fox
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Pandora. Pandora lives alone. She makes herself a handsome home, but no one ever comes to visit. Then one day something falls from the sky -- a bird with a broken wing. Little by little, the bird helps Pandora feel less lonely. Turnbull’s watercolor and colored pencil drawings make this story offriendship and growth an atmospheric delight.
Prince and Pirate (G.P. Putnam’s Sons Books for Younger Readers, ages 5-8)
A different kind offriendship is described in this book, by Charlotte Gunnufson with pictures by Mike Lowery. Prince and Pirate are a pair of mismatched fish put into the same aquarium（水族馆). At first it seems that they’ll never learn to be friends. It’s only when both take pity on a frightened dogfish that they learn the benefits of cooperation, and soon all three fish become good friends.
The Giant Jumperee (Dinal Books, ages 3-5)
The story was written by the award-winning British author Julia Donaldson. When Rabbit hears a loud voice bellowing（吼叫）threateningly from inside a cave, he gathers Cat, Bear and Elephant to help him decide what to do. But it’s Mama Frog who fearlessly confronts（面对）the unknown creature. Helen Oxenbury’s sof t watercolors creat a beautiful countryside and her characterizations of the animals are impressive.
1. Who pictured the book Pandora?
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A. Kallie George. B. Victoria Turnbull.
C. Paola Zakimi. D. Charlotte Gunnufson.
2. Which book tells a story about courage?
A. Pandora. B. Secrets I Know.
C. Prince and Pirate. D. The Giant Jumperee.
3. What do the four books have in common?
A. Their publishers are the same one. B. Their characters are all animals.
C. They all have pencil drawings. D. They are all for younger readers
参考答案
Passage 1
1. B推理判断题。文章开头提到\"I stand before you tonight under accusation of the unproven crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. \"以及第一段末尾的\"I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply experienced my citizen’s rights. \"都显示，作者首先申明自己是无罪的，
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自己是行使公民权利。由文章其他部分可得知，文章都在写作者作为一个女性，对要求选举权平等的要求。因此选B。
2. A词义猜测题。由第二段可知，作者在说联邦政府法律建立在人人享有自由发言权和表决权上，政府保护人人享有权利，但是事实并非如此，所以，政府能够给予权利的的这种信条被抛到九霄云外，因此选A。A. 抛弃，放弃；B. 强调；C. 动摇；D. 扩张。
3. D细节理解题。由文章最后一篇作者一直在强调：组成这个联邦的，是我们人民，不是男性白人公民，也不是男性公民，而是我们全体人民。It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people，可知作者认为如果妇女的选举权被剥夺，也就不存在真正的公平，自然无法达成真正的法律。选D。
4. D推理判断题。考查推测隐含信息的能力。A选项文中并没有提及。B选项根据文章并不能判断出来两部宪法的来源。C选项在文章中已经明确表明，并不符合“inferred”的要求。D选项正确。由文中涉及的言论\"It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. \"可知，种族和性别问题是演讲时美国的主要社会问题。
5. C最佳标题题。根据整篇文章的大意可知，作者一直在强调自己作为女性，对政府不给于女性选举权行为的痛斥，同时据理力争，引经据典，旨在巩固自己
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的立场，即得到真正的选举权。因此选C。 Passage 2
1. B词义猜测题。需要根据上下文， 也可以根据counter-的词缀表示against, 这一概念得出unreasonable更合适。
2. B细节理解题。在第四段，根据排除法，以及作者强调的but， 可以知道作者比较同意。
3. B细节理解题。B为正确答案， D属于答非所问。
4. C主旨大意题。A和C的区别在于C提到时some studies的看法。更加具体，选择C。 Passage 3
1. B 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.可知，原始组中有382人就读中等学校，这些人是研究人员重点关注的对象。其中212名被大学录取，剩下的170人选择职业培训或参加工作。根据后句The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.从而可以猜测出beckoned for为“召唤；吸引”之意。
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故选B。
2. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段As she reports in Psychological Science this week,she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational training for work.However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.可知，本周她在《心理科学》的报告称，她发现和那些离校后马上进行职业训练的人相比，那些读过大学的人看起来确实在毕业后有更加开阔的探索性的思维。但大学能够开阔思维，其实并非如此。而是工作似乎会使思维狭隘。故选C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段，尤其倒数第二段中But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature.可知，但是那些选择职业培训的人，他们对调查型和进取性任务的兴趣明显下降，从而可以推断出由于职业培训，人们对调查性工作的兴趣降低。故选D。
4. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.可知，如果Golle的结论正确，并且由于培训（德国人以此为傲）而带来态度上的变化缩小了人们的选择，这确实是一个值得认真考虑的问题，可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度。故选A。
Passage 4
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1. B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this subject.”可知本文是一篇议论文，讨论了三岁的儿童是否应该被送去日间护理托儿所。文章分别介绍了支持与反对两种不同观点。故B项正确。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and lead to psychological problems in later life.”可知John Bowlby认为三岁之前孩子与父母分开会给孩子的个性带来影响，并对孩子以后的生活带来精神方面的问题。而性格和精神方面的问题是难以处理的。故C项正确。
3. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it. But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects.”可知作者认为三岁之前送孩子去托儿所的影响是存在争议的，很难说这种做法是正确的还是错误的。再根据第三句“The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.”可知我们要根据具体的数据来分析这个问题。故D项正确。
4. B 篇章结构题。本文是一篇议论文。第一段提出文章讨论的话题，也就是Introduction；第二三段解释英国精神分析专家John Bowlby反对三岁之前送孩子去托儿所的理由，也就是point1；第四五段是支持送孩子去托儿所的理由，也就是point2；四五段是两个次要点，也就是sp1和sp2；文章最后一段总结了最终的结论。所以B项与文章的结构相吻合。故B项正确。
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Passage 5
1. B 细节理解题。根据Pandora (Clarion Books, ages 3-7)部分的Turnbull’s watercolor and colored pencil drawings make this story offriendship and growth an atmospheric delight.（特恩布尔的水彩画和彩色铅笔画使这个关于友谊和成长的故事充满了欢乐。）可知，多利亚•特恩布尔绘制了这本书。故B选项正确。
2. D 细节理解题。根据The Giant Jumperee (Dinal Books, ages 3-5)部分的When Rabbit hears a loud voice bellowing threateningly from inside a cave, he gathers Cat, Bear and Elephant to help him decide what to do. But it’s Mama Frog who fearlessly confronts the unknown creature.可知，The Giant Jumperee讲述了一个关于勇气的故事。故D选项正确。
3. D 细节理解题。根据每本书后读者年龄的介绍可知，这四本书都是写给儿童。故D选项正确。
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