时态讲解：现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的区别havebeento强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）havegoneto主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：--Where'syourmother?--你妈妈在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去医院了。一结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他二常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，sofar,howlong提问的疑问句中.......Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?2.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.3.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.三当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1.持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。2.瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用常见的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等3.瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.Shehasbeenupforquitesometime.（他参军已有3年了。）不用hasjoined（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用hasleft常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、go—beaway5、buy—havefinish—beovergettoknow—know2、come—behere6、borrow—keep10、open——beopen14、turnon—beon3、comeback—beback7、die——bedead11、close——beclosed15、getup——beup4、leave—beaway（benothere）8、begin——beon12、lose——belost9、13、16、sitdown—sit/beseated17、join—bein（…）或bea…member18、become—be4.瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（好久没见到你了。）四区别下面三组词Havebeento表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Havegoneto表示去了，还未回来Havebeenin表示一直在某个地方五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,六现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+not+主语主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+主语七现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成\"助动词have(has)+动词过去分词\"构成现在完成时。如：1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Katehas的缩写，故选B。2.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改为否定句)Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't,yet。3.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So______herparents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have析：\"so+助/系/情态动词+主语\"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为herparents是复数,故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishing-______you______yourhomeworkyet?D.Have;finishedC.Did;finish2.-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______A.Did;surf;surfedC.Did;surf;havesurfedB.Have;surfed;surfedD.Have;surfed;havesurfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。(二)当句中有\"for+段时间\"或\"since+点时间\"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表\"段时间\"的短语连用，故选D。3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn'treceiveB.haven'tgotC.didn'thaveD.haven'theard析：据since可知，应排除A、C，\"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb.\"意为\"收到某人的来信\"，故选B。三、考查have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)的区别。如：1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?A.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beento-Yes,Ihave.析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为\"去某地了\"，C项意为\"一直呆在某地\"，D项意为\"去过某地\"，符合题意，故选D。2.Myparents______Shangdongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen析：本题句中有\"for+段时间\"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为\"去过某地\"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与\"段时间\"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型\"It's+段时间+since+从句\"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun'saunthasbeentherefortenyears./Sun'sauntwenttheretenyearsago./It'stenyearssinceSun'sauntwentthere.2.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改为同义句)________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填Itis,since,came。3.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.A.lostB.don'tloseC.havelostD.iscoming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。现在完成时的练习（一）一、单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven____Ａ.hasanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.chＡ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemad113、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.Was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________三、汉译英。1.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。（just）2.我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never)3.你已经看过这部电影了吗？4.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。5.他们已去了美国五年了。(for)现在完成时练习（二）I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.comeB.gotC.arrived2.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.3.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.went4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.for5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?D.beenD.neverbeenD.that--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)I____just____anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑问句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（动词填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.Ⅳ.Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook?Ⅴ.Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?---I____tothezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?七用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”