高考英语百日训练之阅读理解(64)含答案解析

高考英语百日训练之阅读理解（64）含答案解析

【题文】

British children used to play conkers (板栗游戏) in the autumn when the horse-chestnut trees started to drop their shiny brown nuts. They would select a suitable chestnut, drill a hole in it and thread it onto a string, then swing their conker at that of an opponent until one of them broke. But the game has fallen out of favour. Children spend less time outdoors and rarely have access to chestnut trees. Besides, many schools have banned conkers games, worried that they might cause injuries or nut allergies.

That sort of risk-averseness(规避风险) now spreads through every aspect of childhood. Playgrounds have all the excitement designed out of them to make them safe. Many governments, particularly in societies such as America, have tightened up their rules, requiring parents to supervise(监管) young children far more closely than in the past. Frank Furedi of the University of Kent, a critic on modern parenting, argues that allowing children to play unsupervised or leaving them at home alone is increasingly described as a symptom of irresponsible parenting.

In part, such increased caution is a response to the huge wave of changes. Large-scale urbanization, smaller and more mobile families, the move of women into the labor market and the digitization of many aspects of life have unavoidably changed the way that people bring up their children. There is little chance that any of these trends will be changed, so today's more intensive(精细化的) parenting style is likely to go on.

Such parenting practices now embraced by wealthy parents in many parts of the rich world, particularly in America, go far beyond an adjustment to changes in external conditions. They mean a strong bid to ensure that the advantages enjoyed by the parents’ generation are passed on to

their children. Since success in life now turns mainly on education, such parents will do their best to provide their children with the schooling, the character training and the social skills that will secure access to the best universities and later the most attractive jobs.

To some extent that has always been the case. But there are more such parents now, and they are competing with each other for what economists call positional goods. This competition starts even before the children are born. The wealthy classes will take their time to select a suitable spouse and get married, and will start a family only when they feel ready for it.

Children from less advantaged backgrounds, by contrast, often appear before their parents are ready for them. In America 60% of births to single women under 30 are unplanned, and over 40% of children are born outside marriage. The result, certainly in America, has been to widen already massive social inequalities yet further.

All the evidence suggests that children from poorer backgrounds are at a disadvantage almost as soon as they are born. By the age of five or six they are far less “school-ready” than their better-off peers, so any attempts to help them catch up have to start long before they get to school. America has had some success with various schemes involving regular home visits by nurses or social workers to low-income families with new babies. It also has long experience with programmes for young children from poor families that combine support for parents with good-quality child care. Such programmes do seem to make a difference. Without extra effort, children from low-income families in most countries are much less likely than their better-off peers to attend preschool education, even though they are more likely to benefit from it. And data from the OECD’s PISA programme suggest that children need at least two years of preschool education to perform at their best when they are 15.

So the most promising way to ensure greater equality may be to make early-years education

and care for more widely available and more affordable, as it is in the Nordics. Some governments are already rethinking their educational priorities, shifting some of their spending to the early years.

Most rich countries decided more than a century ago that free, compulsory education for all children was a worthwhile investment for society. There is now an argument for starting preschool education earlier, as some countries have already done. In the face of crushing new inequalities, a modern version of that approach is worth trying.

45. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A. More attention is placed on children’s safety.

B. More and more parents are becoming irresponsible.

C. Children are no longer interested in outdoor activities.

D. Parents are advised to spend more time with their children.

46. Which of the following about intensive parenting style is TRUE?

A. Chances are that this style could be changed.

B. Financial pressure forces parents to be stricter.

C. Rich families adopt such style to keep their advantages.

D. Such style is largely influenced by the size of the family.

47. What does the underlined sentence imply?

A. Economists offer practical advice to guide parenting.

B. A happy marriage secures children’s social positions.

C. Unfair division of social resources drives parents mad.

D. Parents are struggling for their children’s edge over peers.

48. Which is the proper measure to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor?

A. Parents are persuaded to give birth to babies in their later years.

B. Funds are provided for poor children after they are admitted to school.

C. New babies in low-income families are sent to nurses or social workers.

D. Children from low-income families are ensured to receive early education.

49. What’s the author’s attitude towards investment in pre-school education?

A. Supportive B. Disapproving

C. Skeptic D. Unconcerned

50. The author begins the passage with the game of conkers to .

A. show competition overweighs cooperation

B. imply educational inequalities should be broken

C. make readers aware of the rules of the game

D. indicate the game has lost its appeal to children

【答案】45. A 46. C 47. D 48. D 49. A 50. B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。如今儿童安全被密切关心着。大规模的城市化、规模更小、流动性更强的家庭、女性进入劳动力市场以及生活方方面面的数字化，都不可避免地改变了人们抚养子女的方式。这些趋势几乎不可能被改变，所以今天更精细化的教育方式可能会继续下去。

【45题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段第一句That sort of risk-averseness(规避风险) now spreads through every aspect of childhood. Playgrounds have all the excitement designed out of them to make them safe.可知现在很多地方都过分强调儿童的安全,并举了板栗游戏被禁止的例子,可知儿童安全被密切关心着,故选A。

【46题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Such parenting practices now embraced by wealthy parents in many parts of the rich world, particularly in America, go far beyond an adjustment to changes in external conditions.可知如今，在许多富裕国家，尤其是美国，富有的父母们所接受的这种育儿方式，远远超出了对外部环境变化的适应。即富裕家庭采用精细化教育方式来保持他们的优势。故选C。

【47题详解】

推理判断题。根据上文第四段最后一句such parents will do their best to provide their children with the schooling, the character training and the social skills that will secure access to the best universities and later the most attractive jobs.可知很多家长都想要给孩子最好的,最好的教育,最好的看护,最好的培训。可推测划线句所在的意思为,现在这种情况在家长中愈演愈烈,导致家长想要去跟其他家长进行竞争。故选D。

【48题详解】

细节理解题。第八段第一句So the most promising way to ensure greater equality may be to make early-years education and care for more widely available and more affordable, as it is in the Nordics.可知让孩子们的生活水平变得更好地最有希望的办法就是让他们接受早期教育,故选D。

【49题详解】

细节理解题。根据第八段第一句可知要让这些早期教育变得能让更多的人支付得起，以及下文后一句Some governments are already rethinking their educational priorities, shifting some of their spending to the early years.可知现在有些政府也在重新思考他们的教育支出,投入更多的钱在早教上，可知作者是支持这一行为的，故选A。

【50题详解】

推理判断题。本题可用排除法，A选项提到展示了竞争的分量已经大过了合作,文章中并没体现,故排除A选项；C选项中提到使读者知道这个游戏的办法，结合文章内容可知文章不是要介绍这个游戏,故排除C选项；D选项：表明这个游戏对孩子们失去了吸引力,文中说的是不让孩子们玩这个游戏，故排除D；综上，故选B。

【标题】江苏省南京市2019届高三三模考试英语试题

【结束】