哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）
小二，黑体，居中，一级标题 摘□□要 首行缩进2字符 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0行 （空一行，此行字号为五号,段前、后间距均为0，单倍行距）
□□在中国的英语学习者所掌握的四种语言技能中,口语能力被认为是最差的,而这显然无法满足日益增长的国际交流需求。这篇文章基于对一组学生的调查以及作者对中国的英语学习者学习状况的调查，主要研究了中国的英语专业学生在拓展口语技能是所面临的主要问题：缺乏信心和缺乏训练…… （空一行，此行字号为五号，段前、后间距均为0,单倍行距）
关键词：中国学生；口语技能拓展；自信；练习；交际能力 小四，宋体，最后一关键词后不加标点 小四，黑体，顶格写 关键词之间用中文输入法下的分号隔开 字符间距：加宽0.2磅 字符间距：加宽0.2磅
小四，宋体，两端对齐 行距：固定值，18磅 字符间距：加宽0.2磅
小四，times new roman, 两端对齐 行距：固定值，18磅 首行缩进，2字符 哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文） Резюме （空一行，此行字号为五号） 小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0 Among the four kinds of language skills of Chinese learners of English, oral skills are found to be the weakest， which are certainly incompatible with the demands of the increasingly growing intercultural communication。 This paper， based on a survey among a group of students and the author’s observation of the Chinese students’ English learning, studies the main problems Chinese English major students face in developing their oral skills: Lack of confidence and lack of practice， two major obstacles to their improvement。 In effect， students’ lack of confidence is closely related to their fear of losing face, which, in turn, affects their motivation to seek opportunities to practice the target language。 Learning the language this way has actually created a vicious cycle of learning， which explains why satisfactory teaching effects cannot be achieved。 Following a detailed analysis of the students’ problems and related factors, the author presents some practical classroom strategies in a holistic approach, which has proved helpful in dealing with the problems. Those strategies effectively help lower students’ “affective filter” and overcome their fear of losing face so as to build up their self—confidence. Additionally, these strategies help provide students with adequate opportunities for oral practice of the language, thus transforming the previous vicious cycle into a virtuous one and eventually resulting in enhancing the students’ communicative competence.
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Ключевые слова： литература； история; Россия； Моска times new roman, 加粗 小四，小四，times new roman, 行间距18磅 关键词之间用英文输入法下的分号隔开 最后一关键词后不加标点 专有名词首
字母大写 冒号前后各空一格 分号后 空一格 I
小二，times new roman，加粗，哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文） 小四，黑体，不加粗，字中间空格 居中，非一级标题 Оглавление （空一行,此行字号为五号) 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0行 小四，Times new roman，加粗，罗马字符前空1格 后空2格 摘 要 ··························································································· Резюме ····························································································I Введение ······································································································0 Глава I Причиы и история заимствований в лексику русского языка ····· 1
1。1 Причины заимствований ······················································· 1
1。1。1 Внутренние причины ················································· 1
1。1。2 Внешние причины ····························· 错误!未定义书签。 页码不加粗 1。2.1 Заимствования в древнерусском языке ····························· 1 1.2。2 Заимствования при Петре I ···················· 错误!未定义书签。 Глава II Вхождение заимствованных слов в лексику русского языка 错误!未定义书签。
2。1 Понятие заимствованных слов ······················· 错误!未定义书签。 2.2 Источники заимствованных слов ······················ 错误!未定义书签。 小四，Times new roman，不加 2.2.1 Заимствования из славянского языка ········· 错误!未定义书签。 粗，后空2格 2。2.2 Заимствования из других языков ············ 错误!未定义书签。 2.3 Особенности заимствованных слов ···················· 错误!未定义书签。 Глава III О русском языке наших дней ······················ 错误!未定义书签。 3。1 Усиление процесса заимствования иноязычных слов错误!未定义书签。
3。2 Защита русского языка ·································· 错误!未定义书签。 Заключение····················································································· 4 Список литературы ·········································································· 5 Послесловие ···················································································· 7
Список 空1格 литературы II
小二，加粗，居中，一级标题， 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0行 哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文） 行距：固定值，28磅 Введение (空一行,此行字号为五号)
Актуальность нашей работы связана с интенсивным проникновением
англицизмов в русский язык， что вызвало обострение языковой ситуации, озабоченность и полемику среди лингвистов。 А также представителей широкой российской общественности， заявивших о необходимости очищения языка от ”чужих\" слов и защите русского языка от агрессивного вторжения
俄语逗号输入法为 иноязычных заимствований, особенно англицизмов. Данные заимствования
Shift加句号键 пришли в русский язык из других языков и были заимствованы в процессе социа— льно—экономических и культурных отношений между народами и
标点符号之前不空格 странами. Такие слова называются иноязычными заимствованиями。 Многие 符号后空1格 из них получают широкое применение в разных сферах устной и письменной речи， другие ограничены в своем употреблении. 正文中段前、段后间距为0行
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）
Глава I Причиы и история заимствований в
лексику русского языка
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English has always been considered very important in China ever since the end of the disastrous Cultural Revolution, especially the early 1980s when the reform and open-door policy was widely carried out in the country。 As is well known， China
is
1.1 Причины заимствований
Изучением причин заимствования иноязычных слов занимались многие лингвисты ещё в начале XX в. Однако выявление причин заимствования проводилось без достаточно четкой дифференциации языковых и внешних, неязыковых, причин. Вхождение заимствованных слов в лексику русского 如果языка, внутренние и внешние причины。 没有1.1.1 Внутренние причины
1。2 История заимствований
文字 不空行 1.2。1 Заимствования в древнерусском языке
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）
Chapter Four
Students’ main problems for their oral skills
development
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We find that lack of confidence and lack of practice are students’ key problems， two major obstacles to their oral skill improvement. In effect, students' lack of confidence is closely related to their mentality of being afraid of losing face. This is diagnostically indicated in the survey mentioned above.
To the question “How often did you volunteer to answer questions in English in class?\" only 5 students ticked the choice “Often\" and 32％ of them ticked “Occasionally”， while 66% admitted that they “Seldom” or “Never\" did。 When asked why if the answer to the previous question is the latter, 52% of them ticked the reason “Not sure of the correct answer\ that they are “Afraid of making mistakes”， 13% made their choice on “Afraid of losing face” and 7％ said that they were “Not interested”。 As a matter of fact， psychologically speaking， no matter whether the students attributed their reasons for not volunteering to answer questions to not being certain of the answer or to being afraid of making mistakes, it is， in the final analysis, a matter of face problem—being afraid of losing face is the biggest obstacle to opening their mouths to speak the target language. Shyness may be said a cultural characteristic of Chinese children。 If that is true， it should be taken into consideration when teaching strategies are decided so as to help students overcome this unfavorable mental condition for foreign language learning. But it seems to be worsened by two factors in TEFL in China, one being objective and the other subjective。 5.1 节题序用阿拉伯 Lowering students’ “affective filter” to build up their confidence
数字×.×,Times Confidence is the key to success in doing anything, which is especially true with language New Roman 字体 learning。 The teacher, therefore, should keep this in mind and try his/her utmost to build up 其他层次标题以students’ confidence by helping them lower their “affective filter” so that they become bold 此类推 enough to open their mouths.
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文） 小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中，一级标题， 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0 不加章节标题，但编入目录 Заключение (空一行,此行字号为五号） Заимствования （в языке）， воспроизведение фонетическими и морфо— логическими средствами одного языка морфем， слов или словосочетаний другого языка. Лексика чаще других уровней языка поддаётся заимствованию。
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文） 小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中，一级标题， 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0 不加章节标题，但编入目录 Список литературы (空一行，此行字号为五号） [1] Алефиренко Н. Ф. Современные проблемы науки о языке。 [M]．2005 ［2］ Евреинова И. А。Заимствования в русском языке。 «Slavia»［J］. 1965, № 3 [3］ Крысин Л。 П。 Иноязычные слова в современном русском языке。 ［M].
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）
6 专利 ［10] 姜锡洲．一种温热外敷药制备方案：中国,88105607．3［P]．1989—07-26． 7 报纸 [11］ 丁文祥．数字革命与竞争国际化［N］．中国青年报,2001—11-20(15)． 8 电子文献
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哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计（论文）
Послесловие (空一行，此行字号为五号) 小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中，一级标题， Длилось почти три месяца， наконец, я закончила эту диссертацию。 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0 First and foremost, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my advisor, a 不加章节标题，但编入目录 distinguished scholar and benign mentor， Pr.Qu Jing, for without her constant and timely academic and spiritual supports， this thesis would not have come to its fruition。I am deeply indebted to her for the instructions， enlightenments, insights and scholastic guidance that she has been supplying for me all through the three years of postgraduate study.
Secondly, I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to all the professors in College of Foreign Languages， Jilin University。 I have benefited so much from their lectures of various disciplines。
Last, but not least, I would like to thank my parents for their love, encouragement and understanding through these three years。
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