句子成分和句子结构(Sentence elements and sentence structures)
一、句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语) 成分 用法 可以作主语的有名is necessary. 在我看来，课间休息十分钟是必要的。 词、代词、不定式、例句 In my opinion, to take a tenminute break between classes What satisfied me most was that all the students passed 主语 动名词、从句、“疑the exam.最让我感到满意的是所有学生都通过了考试。 问词＋不定式”等。It is important to make use of the time in class. 充it可以作形式主语。 分利用课堂上的时间很重要。 A good command of English enables me to gain more chances to communicate and exchange ideas with foreign students in our school. 英语说得好让我有了更多的机会去和校园里不及物动词后不接宾谓语 语，及物动词后接宾语；要注意时态。 的留学生们进行沟通和交流。 So far I have been used to getting up early in the morning and staying up late at night. 目前我已经习惯了早起晚睡。 He has been admitted to Beijing University. 他已经被北京大学录取了。 Only when you devote yourself to it can you enjoy the 可以作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、“疑宾语 问词＋不定式”等。it可以作形式宾语。动词和介词后都可以接宾语。 real pleasure of learning. 只有当你真正投入的时候，你才能体会到学习的乐趣。 All of the students were absorbed in what the teacher said and took notes carefully during the class. 课上，所有的学生都认真听讲并且做笔记。 Last Wednesday, our class held a discussion on how to protect our environment. 上周三，我们班进行了如何保护环境的讨论。 1
续表
成分 用法 例句 As a Senior Three student, time seems much limited. 作为高三的学生，时间看起来很有限。 放在系动词之后；I'm outgoing and good at communicating with others. 我可以作表语的有很开朗，善于与人交流。 名词、形容词、副表语 词、介词短语、从句、“疑问词＋不常见系动词有：be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, 定式”。 taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain, seem, appear等。 The books here are very useful.这里的书很有用。 After a tiring day at school, we always had lots of homework to do. 在劳累了一天之后，我们总是有很多作业要可以作定语的有做。 名词、形容词、副He has been working hard at every subject, which sets a 定语 词、介词短语、非The annual college entrance examination is around the corner. 一年一度的高考就要来了。 good example to us. 他一直努力学习各门功课，为我们树立谓语动词、从句了榜样。 等。 The lecture will be very interesting and helpful, from which we can learn a lot.这个演讲将会非常有趣并且很有帮助，通过它我们能够学到很多。 可以作状语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句。状状语 语可以表示原因、As Senior Three students, we need to do sports so that 让步、条件、结果、we can keep fit. 作为高三学生，我们需要锻炼来保持健康。 伴随、时间、地点、To make our city green, we decided to plant more trees 比较等。 and protect them. 为了绿化城市，我们决定种更多的树并保Tired but happy, we went home together. 我们一起回家，很累但是高兴。 Only then did I realize the importance of learning English well.只有在那时我才认识到学好英语的重要性。 2
护它们。 Touched by the teacher's words, we decided to work hard. 被老师的话感动，我们决定努力学习。 Whatever may happen, we shall not lose hope. 无论发生什么，我们也不能失去希望。 As long as you stick to your plans for your study, you are sure to make progress. 只要你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定能取得进步。 说明宾语的性质、Cities where we live belong to us all. Let's love them 特征等。可以作宾宾语补语补足语的有名足语 词、形容词、非谓语动词等。
Sports teach us to be considerate, cooperative and 该爱护它、绿化它。 and make them greener. 我们居住的城市属于大家。我们应optimistic. 体育锻炼教会了我们体谅、合作和乐观。 3
二、简单句的五种基本句型
五种句型 例句 We are studying.我们正在学习。 The computer doesn't work.电脑坏了。 Sometimes we even worked late into the night. 有S＋V(主语＋不及物动词) 时候我们甚至学习到深夜。 Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他就一直努力学习。 He has achieved good results in the examinations. 他在考试中取得了很好的成绩。 After class we enjoy all kinds of activities, such S＋V＋O(主语＋及物动词＋宾语) as participating in sports, doing experiments or surfing the Internet. 放学后，我们参加各种各样的活动，例如参加体育运动，做实验或上网。 Now we are active in class.现在我们在课堂上很活跃。 S＋L＋P(主语＋系动词＋表语) Now we feel released and very energetic in class. 现在我们在课堂上感到轻松、精力充沛。 Helping others gives you an opportunity to change S＋V＋IO＋DO(主语＋及物动词＋people's lives, including your own. 帮助别人可以间接宾语＋直接宾语)；S＋V＋DO给你机会改变人们的生活，包括你自己的。 ＋to/for＋IO[主语＋及物动词＋He wanted to buy his father a birthday present, one 直接宾语(物)＋to/for ＋间接宾valuable and at a proper price.她想为父亲买个生日语] 礼物，一个有价值而且不贵的礼物。 The teacher encouraged us to find out as many ways as possible to work out the problem.老师鼓励我们S＋V＋O＋C(主语＋及物动词＋宾尽可能多地找出解决问题的方法。 语＋宾语补足语) On the top of the mountain you will find the view breathtaking. 在山顶你会发现景色颇为壮观。 4
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根据提示完成句子
1．主语
①无论做什么，诚信和责任应该总是放在第一位。
Whatever we do, ____________________ should always be put in the first place. ②近年来出国旅行很流行。
________________________is popular these years. ③早睡早起是一种好习惯。
________________________________is a good habit.
【答案】①honesty and responsibility ②Travelling abroad ③To go to bed early and to get up early
2．谓语
①我学英语八年了，而且有电脑经验。
I ____________________ English for 8 years and I have computer experience. ②这个老人必须马上送医院。
The old man ____________________ to hospital at once. ③我们的英语角建于三年前。
Our English Corner ____________________ 3 years ago.
【答案】①have been learning ②must be sent ③was set up 3．宾语
①村民教我们怎样种树，怎样浇水。
The villagers taught us ________________________ and ____________________. ②我发现与同学友好相处很容易。
I find it easy ________________________ my classmates. ③不要发出噪音。
Please stop____________________．
【答案】①how to plant trees; how to water them ②to get along well with ③making noise
4．表语
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①昨晚我看到他的时候，他已脱离危险，但看上去脸色苍白。
When I saw him last night, he was ______________， but still looked pale. ②我的愿望是成为一名艺术家。 My wish is____________________.
③给我印象最深的是这学期学生学习都很努力。
What impressed me most was ________________________ very hard this term. 【答案】①out of danger ②to become an artist ③that all the students worked 5．定语
①这就是我们必须珍惜时间的原因。 This is the reason ____________________. ②那位手里拿着一本杂志的是我们的语文老师。
The man ____________________ is our Chinese teacher. ③被邀请参加会议的人大多都是著名的科学家。
Most of the people ____________________ the meeting are famous scientists. 【答案】①why we must value time ②with a book in his hand ③invited to 6．状语
①一天的学习之后，我们回到家，疲惫但高兴。
____________________， we went home, ________________________. ②从太空看，地球就像一个大水球。
____________________， the Earth looks like a huge watercovered globe. ③尽管我承认这种车不完美，但我仍然喜欢。 ____________________________， I still love it.
【答案】①After a day of study; tired but happy ②Seen from space ③While I admit this kind of car isn't perfect
7．宾语(主语)补足语 ①警察进来时发现老人死了。
When the policeman came in, ____________________________. ②考试作弊被抓住的那个男生将会受到处分。
The boy who was caught ____________________ will be punished. ③刷牙时不要让水一直流着。
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Don't leave the water ______________ while you brush your teeth.
【答案】①they found the old man dead ②cheating in the exam ③running
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