非谓语动词难点练习
一、单项选择非谓语动词
1.(北京)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A.ranging B.range
C.to range D.ranged
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
[名师点睛]
现在分词和过去分词的区别:
在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;
在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
作定语
单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)
Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.
Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).
Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)
He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)
He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)
注意:
选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:
(Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间,这本书
看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。 作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:
The film is touching.
The glass is broken.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:
I smell something burning.
I heard him singing the song.
I heard my name called.
作插入语
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如:
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。
2.Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.
A.wake B.waken
C.to wake D.waking
【答案】D
【解析】
一旦他睡着了,我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有
困难,选D。
3.115.______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day.
A.Expressing B.Expressed C.To express D.Having expressed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:为了表达他的爱,克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的,故选C。
4.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.
A.Having exposed B.Being exposed
C.To expose D.Exposed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动名词。句意:暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成
分发现even for a short time是插入语,may influence是谓语,前面的部分应该是主语,be exposed to“暴露于”,要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。
5.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking
C.having thanked D.to have thanked
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。
考点:考查不定式
【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法,可以做宾语,定语,状语。还有不定式的不同形式:to do;to be doing;to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。
6.______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen
【答案】A
【解析】
考查非谓语动词的用法。本句的主语是 I,I 与 See 的意义的逻辑关系是主动,也就是Seeing 才能表示主语与非谓语的“主动”的逻辑关系。
7.Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years.
A.having B.had C.have D.to have
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:蝙蝠是一种寿命很长的动物,有的寿命约为20年。根据与前面句子是逗号连接,没有连词,故判断后一句使用独立主格结构,空格处用非谓语动词,逻辑主语some与have是主谓关系,故要用v-ing形式,故选A。
8.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A.being done B.do C.to be done D.to do
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析: 句意:我们有一个好的开端,但是下一步需要做更多的工作得到最后的目标。Need doing或need to be done需要被做…,所以选C。
考点:考查非谓语动词
9.Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ______ to sunlight.
A.exposed B.to expose C.exposing D.being exposed
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:考查非谓语动词。本题考查短语be exposed to暴露与……。句意:处理这种化学物质时要小心,因为它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸。故A正确。
考点:考查非谓语动词
10.He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.
A.left B.to leave
C.leaving D.having left
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他起晚了,没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系,即他让......处于某种状态,应该用现在分词表伴随状况,排除A、B;“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的,当两个动作有时间先后关系时,需要使用现在分词的完成式,排除D;leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐,故选C。
11.You are supposed to leave your child ________ his homework alone.
A.do B.to do
C.being done D.done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词用法。句意:你应该让你的孩子自己做作业。该题考查leave的用法。表示“让某人去做某事”,应该用leave的复合结构leave sb. to do sth.,没有leave sb. do
结构;leave sb./sth. done意为“使得某人/物被……”。B选项正确。
12.John always gets up early in the morning _____ energetic and ready to start a new day.
A.feel B.to feel
C.feeling D.felt
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在分词。句意:John总是一大早起床,感觉精力充沛并准备开始新的一天。现在分词做伴随状态。故选C。
13.______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row.
A.To watch B.Watching
C.Watched D.Having watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了更清楚的看屏幕上的图片,他们移到了前排。表示目的用不定式,故选A。
14.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ___________.
A.recognizing B.being recognized
C.having recognized D.having been recognized
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意:那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以,他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断,此后应该使用动词的动名词形式,由于他是被人认出的,所以应该用动名词的被动式,所以选B。
考点:考查非谓语动词的用法
15._____ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time
A.To face B.Faced C.Face D.facing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意为:面对这么多麻烦,我们不能按时完成任务。空格处为状语,前后主语一致都是we ,face的用法为,sb face sth 或者sb be faced with sth,根据题中的with可知,选B。
16.The discovery of new evidence led to ________.
A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:新证据的发现导致小偷被捕。由句子结构可知,此处to是介词,其需接动名词作宾语,此处the thief作动名词的逻辑主语;the thief与catch之间是被动关系,所以此处需用动名词的复合结构的被动形式。故选C。
17.China National Women's Volleyball Team made great achievements, ______ them a symbol of the spirit of China.
A.to make B.having made C.made D.making
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:中国国家女排取得巨大成就,使得他们成为了中国精神的象征。根据句意,__ them a symbol of the spirit of China是理所当然的结果,用现在分词表示理所当然的结果,且“make them a symbol of the spirit of China”这一动作不先于“made great achievements”这一动作,故不用完成时。故选D。
【点睛】
当分词做状语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做状语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系,可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。
18.The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake.
A.missing; playing
B.missing; play C.missed; played
D.missed; to play
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:那个失踪的男孩最后被看见时正在湖边玩。missing是形容词,作boy的定语,意思是“失踪的”。was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩,play作宾语补足语,表示动作在进行,用现在分词。结合选项,故选A。
19.(北京)______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A.Ordering B.To order
C.Having ordered D.Ordered
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系,即order the books/the books are ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...,故选D。
【点睛】
分词作状语
1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句;on doing sth. =\"as\" soon as sb. does sth.。
2. 分词作原因状语相当于as,since,because引导的原因状语从句。
3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换,但是可以改写成并列句。
4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。
5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus,thereby,only等。
6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。
20.The players ________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A.selecting B.to select
C.selected D.having selected
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。 句意:从全国各地挑选出来的运动员将在这场夏季比赛中为我们争光。分析句子可知,select与players在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故选C项。
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