Over开始的经典词 Overrun Overcharge Overcome Overhear Overlap Overload Overreact Overrule Overtake Overwhelm
一组以under开头的经典词汇 Undergo 经历
Undercover秘密从事的
An undercover investigation 一次秘密调查 Underhand 偷偷的 Underhand dealings Underdeveloped
The underdeveloped western region Undernourished 营养不良的 Underprivileged 贫穷的
Underfunded 得不到资金支持的 The underfunded public school system
Understaffed人手不足的 Underweight体重过轻的 Underway已经开始的
The project already well underway Underlie成为 的原因
Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disorders Undermine破坏
Criticism just undermine their confidence Underline/underscore情调 Undertake进行
Undertake an arduous journey Undercurrent 潜流，潜在倾向 Underdog受欺压者 弱者
Ir开头的一组经典的形容词
Irresistible （strong, powerful attractive）不可抗拒的
Irresistible smile/offer/aroma of fresh bread/allure/urge/forces Irreconcilable differences/conflict不能和解的 Irrecoverable financial losses无法挽回的
Irremediable 无可救药的，不可补救的 Irreparable damage无法挽回的 Irreplaceable不能代替的
Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is irreplaceable. Irretrievable 不能挽救，不可恢复的
I agree things look difficult, but the situation is far from irretrievable.
Ever作为持续性状态的一组表达 Ever-present常在的 Ever-green常青的
Ever-growing持续增长的 Ever-changing不断变化的 Ever-expanding不断扩大的 Ever-lasting永远的
Ever-diminishing逐渐减少的
Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 Juvenile 词根juven=young表示年轻 Juvenile 青少年的，幼稚的 Rejuvenate 使返老还童 Rejuvenation返老还童
以en开头经典动词大盘点 1，Enact制定，通过法律
Congress refuses to enact the bill
2，Enchant让人入迷
The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance. 3，encounter遭遇
Encounter problems/difficulties/ Opposition/resist
4,encroach on侵犯，侵占
My job is starting to encroach on my family life.
5, endear使受钟爱
His tales ware simple and sweet and his characters endearing 6, endeavor 努力尽力
Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem 7, endorse 赞同，认可
Endorse a proposal /an idea/a candidate 8, endow资助，赋予
She was endowed with both good looks and brains. 9,enhance提高，增强
Low lighting and soft music enhanced the atmosphere in the bar. 10, enlighten启迪，开导
Baldwin enlightened her as to the nature of the experiment.
11, ensnare使陷入
Benson, who was ensnared in the investment scandal, received a short prison term. 12, entice诱惑
The ads entice young people to smoke.
13, entail 承担，伴随
I didn’t want to take on a job what could entail a lot of travelling. 14, ensue跟着发生，继起
I objected to what he had just said and a heated argument then ensued. 15, ensure确保
The role of the police is to ensure (that )the law is obeyed. 16, envision预见，展望 Envision a bright future.
Reaction re前缀大盘点
Retreat 后退 treat 拉 Retract 缩回，收回tract拉 Reverse反转的 verse转 Revolt反叛 volt转
Resent愤恨，不满 sent感觉
Relinquish不采取行动，放弃linqu离开 Repeal peal 呼吁
Reproach责备 proach接近 Resplendent辉煌的splend辉煌 Reassure消除疑虑assure放心 Reclaim取回 claim索取
Recommend赞扬 commend赞扬 Regenerate改过自新的genera产生 Reincarnate转世carn肉 Reiterate重申 iterate重申
Rejuvenate返老还童juven儿童
Reverberate起回声，反响verber震动
Most：
Inmost/innermost最里面的，内心的
This was the diary in which Gina recorded her innermost thoughts and secrets. Innermost的构词 –most表示最 Nethermost最低的 nether下面的 Headmost最前面的head 头 Outmost最外面的 Easternmost最东方的
一组以in-开头的表示里面，内部 1，inner内部的，内心的
Sarah seemed to have a profound sense of inner peace.
2,in-depth深入的
In-depth study/research/analysis 3,in-born内在的，与生俱来的
Good taste is inborn and cannot be learned. 4, in-coming将要进来的 Incoming calls来电 5，indoor室内的
An indoor swimming pool.
6,inherent内在的
There are dangers /risks inherent in almost every sport. 7, inland内陆的
The largest area of inland water in the south east. 8,interior室内的
The interior walls are all painted white.
9,internal内部的
We have no interest in interfering in the internal affairs of other countries.
10,intrinsic内在的固有的
Intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of sth.
一组带有 –are的词汇 Flare 闪光 闪耀 Glare 炫目的光 Stare盯
Snare 陷阱 罗网 Ensnare诱捕
They wanted to make a formal complaint about their doctor, but ended up ensnared in the complexities of the legal system. Aware 知道的 Be aware of 知晓
Ply一组型近的词 Supply with 提供 Ply with 提供
Comply with 遵守，服从 Imply 暗示
Multiply 乘 增加
-like的组词
Steel like 如钢铁般的 Childlike 幼稚的
Vice like 坚固的 vice 钳子 Dreamlike 如梦幻班的 Warlike好战的
Life- like栩栩如生
Waiflike苍白消瘦的 waif 无家可归的流浪儿 A home-like air 宾至如归的气氛
ruthless一组表示“无情”的词语 1，ruthless残忍的
The ruthless dictator has shown a ruthless disregard for basic human rights. 2, barbarous 粗暴的
His murder was an outrageous and barbarous act.
3,callous 无情的冷酷的
The company shoed callous disregard for the safety of the employees. 4,cold-blooded冷血的 A cold-blooded murder
5,cut-throat凶狠的
Cut-throat competition is keeping price low. 6,fiendish残酷的
A particularly fiendish practical joke.
7，remorseless无情的 Remorseless cruelty/violence 8,spiteful怀恨的，恶意的 Make a spiteful remark about 9,belowe the belt不正当的
If a remark is below the belt it is particularly hurtful and unfair.
表示凶狠凶猛的词 Vice-vicious
Malice-- malicious Malignity ---malignant Ferocity ---ferocious Vicious 恶的 刻毒的
A vicious murderer/attack/circle/lie/rumor/gossip 致命
A fatal accident/illness/injury/mistake/error/flaw/blow致命的 A deadly poison/weapon/disease/virus/enemy致死的
A mortal blow/danger/wound/combat/enemy/foe/fear/dead/terror必死的 A lethal weapon/injection/cocktail of drink and pills/dose of heroin致命的 破坏 devastate destroy wreck flatten obliterate ravage reduce trash 放纵With reckless/wild abandon
Abandon oneself to alcohol/his emotions/sorrow
一组表示屈服的说法 1，submit屈服
We protested about the changes for a long time, but in the end we had to submit 2, succumb to 屈服于
Succumbing to pressure from the chemical industry, governor Blakely amended the regulations.
3, yield to 屈服，让步
The hijackers refuse to yield to demands to release the passengers. 4,surrender to 投降，自首
They would rather die than surrender
5,concede认输
She conceded even before all the votes had been counted. 6,conform使遵守
People who do not conform to traditional standards of behavior. 7, observe遵守，服从
So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides.
8,cry/say uncle 认输
9，throw in the towel承认失败 10，strike the flag.
Order次序 顺序 的常用表达 1，in reverse order逆序
2，in descending/ascending order降序，升序 3，in alphabetical order按字母顺序 4,in chronological order按时间顺序 5，in numerical order按数字顺序 6，in order of precedence按先后顺序 7， in order of priority 按优先级排列
sewage一组关于垃圾处理环境保护的表达 1，sewage污水
Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the disposal of sewage 2,Debris碎片，残骸
She was hit by flying debris from the blast 3,refuse废物
Garden/kitchen refuse Refuse dump垃圾物 4,effluent废水
Effluent from local factories is finding their way into the river 5,fumes(浓烈难闻的)烟 Exhaust fumes
6,litter（乱丢的）垃圾
About 2% of fast-food packaging ends up as litter.
7,waste废物
Britain products 20 million tons of household waste each year 8,pollutant污染物质
Air/environmental/water pollutants
9,emission散发到空气中的物质
Britain has agreed to cut emission of nitrogen 氮oxide form power stations. 10,deforestation森林采伐
Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest. 11,overpopulation人口过剩 Efforts to reduce overpopulation 12,leakage泄露
The leakage was traced to an oil pope in the cellar.
13,biodegradable可生物降解的
Biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the atmosphere.
14,conservation保护
Wildlife conservation/nature conservation. 15,disposable一次性的 Disposable diapers.
16,eco-friendly利于生态环境的 Eco-friendly products（green) 17,renewable可更新的
The problem with fossil fuels is that They are not renewable.
18,sustainable development可持续发展
sanitation一组与“健康” “卫生”的表达 1，sanitation（社会）卫生系统
Sanitation is the system for taking dirty water and other wasted products away from buildings in order to protect people’s health. 2, heath健康
To be in good/poor health 3,constitution体质
（have）a strong/good/weak constitution 4,hygiene（个人）卫生
Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast. 5, shape外形，身材
He bought up businesses that were in bad/poor shape, and then sold them off bit by bit. Welfare健康，幸福
These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and welfare of immigrants Well-being康乐，安宁
People doing yoga benefit form an increased feeling of well-being.
contamination一组表示“污染”的表达 1，contaminate污染contamination
Humans can not catch foot and mouth disease but they can become contaminated by the airborne virus and transport it between areas. 2, pollute污染
The fertilizers and pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply. 3,defile弄脏，糟蹋
It’s a shame that such a beautiful are area has been defiled by a rubbish dump. 4, foul弄脏
Rivers and lakes are fouled almost beyond recovery by pollutants.
5,stain玷污
Stain somebody’s name/honor/reputation
Due to表示原因词语盘点 1，be due to 由于
The accident was due to a concrete block thrown form a bridge. 2, owning to 由于
Owning to circumstances beyond our control, we regret to inform customers that this store will close early. 3,thanks to 多亏了
Today thanks to the Internet, you can do all your Christmas shopping from home. 4,as a result of 以 为结果
Bruce Lee died as an actor as a direct result of the injuries he received in medicine.
5,the reason„is 的原因是
The reason we didn’t consider her for the job was that she didn’t have enough experience. 6,through由于
The Community Association collapsed through lack of support. 7,out of 出于 原因
Out of interest/curiosity/desperation I came to you out of desperation -you've e got to help me. 8,on account of 由于
We had to move to London on account of my job.
Due的经典用法盘点 1，预期的
His new book is due to be published next year.
The next income tax payment is due on 31January. 2,欠债的
Any money due you will be sent by cheque through the post. 3,适当的
You will receive notification of the results in due course.
He was banned for six months for driving without due care and attention 4,sb’s due某人应得的
He accepted all the praise the received as his due. 5,undue过分的
Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer. Unduly
Accordance和它的一组变体重要用法 1,In accordance with a rule/law/wish
与一致 依照
In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France. 2,Accord给予
Every school accords high priority to the quality of teaching.
3,Accord with sth符合
His version of events does not accord with witnesses’ statement 4,According to 根据
According to Sarah they’re not getting very well at the moment.
5,Accordingly相应地
When we receive your instructions we shall act accordingly.
5,With one accord一致
With one accord, the delegates walked out of the conference. 7,Of your own accord一致
She came to her own accord, no one asked her to come.
8,Be in accord with sth与 符合
These results are in accord with earlier research.
Analogous描述相同点
1,Be analogous to with 与 相似 The report’s findings are analogous with our own. 2,Affinity相似
There are several close affinities between the two paintings. 3,Comparable可比较的
Our prices are comparable to /with those in other shops. 4, ditto
“I hated school” “Ditto” 5,Homogeneous同类的，相似的 An ethnically homogeneous country 6,Identical完全相同的
The interests of both parties may not be identical, but they do overlap considerably. 7，Invariable不变的 永恒的，同样的 His invariable answer was “wait and see” 8，Parallel平行的 相同的
I’m trying to see if there are any obvious parallels between the two cases.
9，Uniform统一的 相同的
Small businesses are demanding that they receive uniform treatment from the banks.
Age 变老，跟老年相关
She is worried to see how much she aged
The buildings are aging, and some of them are unsafe. For many, the loss of memory is a part of aging. Ageism 年龄歧视
It is an aspect of ageism that old age is seen as sexual The aged老年人
The hospital was built to meet the needs of the aged. The elderly
The city was building new housing for the Elderly. Pensioner领取养老金得人
Students and pensioners are entitled to a discount. A senior citizen老年人
Discounts are available for senior citizens Infirm体弱的 衰老的
Her grandmother is elderly and infirm
Senile衰老的，老迈的infantile/juvenile
He lawyers claim he is senile and incomplete to stand trail. Declining years晚年
He became very forgetful in his declining years. Twilight years晚年
Old people often rely on pets for comfort and companionship in their twilight years
Initiative同义,反义表达 1，同义 Be proactive
Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.
2, 反义，be reactive.
Unfortunately，the police have dealt with the problem of car theft in a reactive rather than a proactive way.
一组表示使用的词语盘点
1. Abuse滥用
She is continually abusing her authority by getting other people to do things for her. 2，adopt采用
I think it’s time to adopt a different strategy in my dealing with him. 3. Consume消费，使用
Our higher living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world’s oil.
4. Deploy部署，分配使用
The company is reconsidering the way in which it deploys its resources/staff. 5, exert 对 施加，作用于，使用于
If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision. 6. Exhaust 用尽，用光
How long will it be before the world’s fuel supplies are exhausted? 7. Expend花费，使用
Governments expend a lot of resources on war. 8, exploit开发，使用
We need to make sure that we fully exploit our resources. 9. Utilize利用
You can utilize that interest to make learning English more fun. 10. Wield运用权利 影响
He still wields enormous influence within the party. 11, avail oneself of 利用
How many schools avail themselves of this opportunity each year? 12, draw on 向 提取 利用
His novels draw heavily on his childhood.
一组表示花费，使用的词 Overhead一般费用等 1. 经常费用
Reduce expenditure on overhead 减少经常费用的开支 2. 天花板;(船舱)顶板
The overhead is rather low for me. 1. 在头顶上;在上头;高高地 A plane flew overhead.
一架飞机从头顶上飞过。 • Administrative overheads 表示花费，开销 1，overheads 管理的费用
We need to reduce our overheads. 2, Compensation赔偿金
She received 1000RMB in compensation for the damage of her car. 3, costs 花费
We need to cut our advertising costs. 4,deposit 押金
We paid/put a deposit of 10000 on the house, and paid the balance four weeks later. 5, expenditure支出
The government’s annual expenditure on arms has been reduced. 6, expense 花费
We went on holiday at my father’s expense. 7,expenses费用
Don’t worry about the cost of lunch-it’s on expenses. (公司经费，活动经费) 8, quotation报价
I asked several builders to give me a Quote for the work. 9, remittance汇款
She sends a small remittance home to her parents each month.
一组表示责任的词语盘点 1. Liability责任
Tenants房客 have liability for any damage they cause 2，obligation义务
Parents are under a legal obligation to Educate their children. 3, be accountable to sb for sth. 对 负全责
Politicians should be accountable to the public who elected them. 4. Be answerable to sb for sth对 负责
Any European central bank should be directly answerable to the European Parliament. 5，be bound to 对 有义务
The company is bound by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions. 6. Commitment承诺 委托事项
Will the job fit in your family commitments?
7，compulsory义务的 必须做的
Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law. 8. Obligatory义不容辞的 必须的
The medical examination before you start work is obligatory.
Permanently 永久的一组表达 1，permanently 永久性的
The accident left him permanently Disabled
2,ceaseless不停地
The ceaseless fight against crime. 3,countinuious连续不断的 Continuous economic growth 4,eternal永恒的
She’s an eternal optimist. 5,imperishable不灭的 不朽的
a set of imperishable truth 6, incessant不断的
Incessant rain/noise/complaints 7,interminable冗长的 无休止的 An interminable delay
8,persistant持久的
Symptoms of the illness include a high temperature and a persistent dry cough. 9,standing 长期存在的 A standing committee
You know you have a standing invitation to come and stay anytime. 10,sustained持续不便的 A period of sustained economic development A Sustainable development
一组表colonization self-government的词汇 1,Colonize殖民
Peru was colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century. 2,Annex吞并
The Baltic波罗地 republics were annex by the Soviet Union in 1949 3,autonomy自治
Demonstrators demanded immediate autonomy for their region. 4,autonomous 自治的
An autonomous region/state/republic
5,secede脱离，分离
There is likely to be civil war if Taiwan tries to secede from the mainland.
表示吓唬，恐吓的表达 1. Cow恐吓,威胁
He cowed them with his threats. 他威胁恐吓他们。 Cower因恐惧而退缩 Coward胆小鬼 Cowardly胆小的
Cowardice胆小，怯懦 Bully欺负
browbeat恐吓（眉毛，表情）
强迫，驱使类表达
1，Coerce强制，强迫
The six defendants had been coerced into making a confession. 2, compel强迫 驱动
She felt compelled to resign because of the scandal.
3, impose强加
The government imposed a ban on the sales of salt. 4, oblige责成
The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees. 5, reduce sb to doing
Behaving or living in a way that is not as good as before. 6，cajole哄骗
Ed cajoled and pleaded, but couldn’t get her to change her mind. 7, induce劝诱
It is rather hard to induce her to climb a mountain. 8,urge极力主张，力劝
Lawyers urged him to take legal action.
9, plunge into 投入 陷入
A strike would plunge the country into chaos.
Sign显示，展示类表达（取代show demonstrate的表达） 1，Signpost路标标志
This upturn in the country’s economy is a splendid signpost to the future. Upturn –setback
2，Manifestation显示
She claimed that the rise in unemployment was just a further manifestation of the government’s incompetence.
3,Be a testimony to sth的证词 陈述
The reports are testimony to the many hours of research completed by this committee. 4，Bespeak说明
His letter bespeaks his willingness to help 5，Betray 露出
The slightest sound might betray his presence.
6，Demonstrate展示，表明
The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition. 7，Indicate说明，显示
Exploratory investigations have indicated large amounts of oil below the sea bed. 8，Reflect 反映
The statistics reflect a change in people’s spending habits. 9，Give sb away. 显露 的心迹
She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but when I said he’d better be there her face really gave her away.
Be prepared for 顺从，准备做类似一组表达 1,be compliant 顺从,准备好做
It’s depressing to see an intelligent, spirited young woman like her turning into a meek and compliant wife.
2, be keen to do 渴望做
They were very keen to start work as soon as possible. 3, be set 准备好做
Is everything all set for the party?
4，be at sb’s beck and call
I was tired of being at her beck and call all day long Beck 招手
5, be at sb’s command听某人吩咐
I can’t rich my zipper. Could you unfasten it, please? I’m at your command. 6, be please to 乐意做
The personal manager will be pleased to advise you.
妨碍，阻碍的表达
1，Hamper 阻碍，妨碍
Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts
2, bottleneck 瓶颈
The bottleneck arose from extreme specialization within the department 3,deter阻碍，打扰
It is not clear whether the death penalty deters crime. 4, frustrate使 气馁，挫败，破坏
Thick fog frustrated their attempt to land on the tiny island. 5, handicap阻碍，妨碍
The charity is handicapped by lack of funds
6, hinder阻碍 打扰
Higher interest rates could hinder economic growth.
7, impede阻碍 Ped腿
In fact, the use of these drugs may even impede the patient’s recovery. 8, inhibit阻碍
An unhappy family life may inhibit children’s learning. 9, limit to 把 限制在 之内
I’ve been asked to limit my speech to ten minutes. 10, restrict to 把 限制在 之内
If I’m driving, I restrict myself to one glass of wine. 11, confine to 把 限制在 之内
Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please.
Means的多含义 &途径，手段的表达 1， 金钱=money
Paying for your children to go to a private school is beyond the means of most people. His father is a man of means
2, 方法，手段
Refugees had entered the country by unlawful means. 3, by all means口语=of course
“Can I bring Jimmy?” “By all means. 4, by no means 决不
It’s difficult, but by no means impossible. 5, by means of借，用
Critics were silenced by means of torture and unfair trails.
6, a means to an end 通向目的的手段
Admittedly, policy is important, but it is only a means to an end. 7, by fair means or foul不择手段
If you try to achieve sth by fair means or foul, you use any method you can to achieve I, even if it is not honest or fair. Foul下流手段，犯规
一组经济有关的词汇 Boom Recession Depression Bubble Budget Inflation Revenue Fiscal
Monetarism
与文字，文化有关的词汇 Illiterate 文盲 1. Literate adj识字的 2. literacy 读写能力 3. Computer-literacy 4. He is musically illiterate缺乏音乐常识 5. A literary giant文学巨匠 6. Literal字面意思 7. A literal translation直译
Literally 精确地逐字地
1. The Olympic Games were watched by literally billions of people.
2. Literally thousands of people lost their life savings in the market crash 3. He missed that kick literally by miles
4. 型近词Liberal 自由的 literally字面的 literate 识字的 literary 文学的
Democratic民主的 dem-人民
Democratic +system/election/Outlook The Democratic Party 民主党 The Republican Party共和党 Democratically 民主地 Democrat民主主义者
Demography人口统计（学） Demographic人口统计的
Epidemic流行病，传染病 epi病dem人们
不利的，反的，逆的 Adverse Lesson 23 1. 逆向的,相反的;反面的2. 反对的,敌对的 Adverse winds hinder ships.
逆风使船只受阻。 2. 不利的,有害的
The expedition encountered adverse weather conditions.
探险队遇到了不利的气候条件。 3，adversely不利地
Her health was adversely affected by the climate气候损害他的健康 4，adversity逆境，灾难
Lack of money is the biggest adversity.
一组表示来源的词语 Be born (out) of
The alliance was born of necessity in 1941
Bill spoke with a cynicism born of bitter experience Genesis 起源
Research into the genesis of cancer Originate 起源 发生
Although the technology originated in the UK, it was been developed in the US. Root根源
The high crime rate has its roots in unemployment and poverty. Derive from来自
The English word olive is derived from the Latin word oliva Stem from 产生于
Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
一组表示 突发奇想 的表达 Whimsy 奇思怪想
Amusing but in fact has little real meaning or value. Caprice任性 怪想
The caprices of a spoilt child Urge强烈欲望
He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda Impulse冲动 Whim心血来潮
一组表示嘲弄 骗的词和词组 Mock 嘲弄
Make fun of 取笑
Make a mockery of 嘲弄 Laugh at 嘲笑
Ridicule 嘲笑 奚落
逻辑关系上一组副词的用法 Herein 于此 在这里 在那里
Certain events and characters portrayed herein have been fictionalized. Wherein 在其中
He gazed once more around the room, wherein were assembled his entire family. Hereby因此据此
I hereby pronounce you man and wife Thereby因此 那样
He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote.
一组表示总结的词语 In a word总之 In short简而言之 In brief 简单扼要的 In conclusion最后 总之 In a nutshell 简言之
To make a long story short 长话短说 To conclude 总之
To sum up 简述
To put it in a nutshell 总之
一组表示诠释的词和词组 Interpret 解释 说明 See as 把 看做
Construe as 解释 分析
一组表示在 中的表达 Amid
Old farm house could be seen amid the trees. Amongst 在 当中
In the midst of 在 当中
一组表示光亮的词汇 Radiance
1,光辉 we basked in the radiance of the African Sun 2,幸福 喜悦 a young face full of radiance Beam 一束光 A laser beam Flash闪耀
A flash of lightning
Gleam 微光
She saw a gleam of amusement in his eyes. Glimmer微光
A glimmer of hope for the future Glint闪耀 反光
The glint of his gold watch Glitter闪烁
The glitter of her diamond necklace Glow 柔光
The dim glows of the light bulb
Luster光泽
A treatment for restoring the luster to dull hair Shimmer闪烁不定的光
The shimmer of petrol on the road Sparkle 闪闪发光
The sparkle of the diamonds.
一组表示暗示的词汇 Implication Indication Insinuation Innuendo
一组表示粗俗的词语 Vulgar 粗俗的庸俗的 Tasteless无鉴赏力的
Tasteless decorations modern architecture Tacky 俗气的
Cheap, tacky furniture in bright colors
Crude粗鲁的
Crude remarks a crude comedian Coarse 粗糙的 粗鄙的
She tried to ignore his coarse jokes and crude innuendoes影射---he was obviously drunk
一组表示提供的词语
Supply sb. With sth. 给 大量提供 尤其是食物 Accord给予跟尊重有关 Administer给予 实施
To administer medicine punishment relief tests Assign 分配工作 Award 给予奖励 Bestow
Honor bestowed on him by the Queen Confer授予
Confer a title degree honor on upon sb
bequeath to 遗留
Bequeathed her collection of paintings to the National Gallery Extend 给予 施
Extend a welcome to extend sb’s thanks to extend aid to Impart告知，透露 To impart the bad news Surrender 上交，投降 Surrender one’s weapons
一组表示钻孔，艰难前进的动词 Bore 艰难前行，钻孔 Burrow挖地洞
Drill钻孔
Excavate挖空，凿洞 Tunnel掘隧道 Unearth掘出
Gough用圆凿子挖 Breach 在 打洞 Pierce刺穿 Puncture刺穿 Punch打孔
一组表示拥有的词语
Be endowed with 具有或赋予资质，才能 Possess 拥有
Possess the ability to possess gifts for Enjoy享有
Enjoy a high degree of job security
Be blessed with幸运的享有
Be blessed with a sense of humor
Boast拥有或占据（让人满意的特点）
The golf course is surrounded by hills and boasts some of the finest scenery in the country
一组表示积累，增加的动词 Accumulate 积累 Assemble 集合 Accrue增加，积累 Aggrandize增加，夸大 Accelerate加速 促进
一组表示取得进步的表达 Make improvement in Make progress in Make an advance in Make great strides in Make headway in
Make a big step forward in Make significant gains in
morality一组型近词 Morality 道德
Moral 精神上的 道义上的 Mental 心理的 智力的 Morale士气，精神力量 Metal金属
Medal奖章，勋章，纪念章，奖牌 Module模数，模量
一组表矛盾的表达In conflict with
The principles of democracy are sometimes in conflict with political reality En ethnic conflict民族矛盾 Internal conflict 内部矛盾 Regional conflict 地区矛盾 Industrial conflict 工业矛盾 Potential conflicts 潜在矛盾 Social conflict 社会矛盾
一组表矛盾的词语 Clash 冲突
Confrontation 冲撞
Disharmony 不协调 矛盾 Friction 矛盾 摩擦 Collision 冲突 碰撞 Controversy 争议 Dispute争端
Formula模式，程式的拓展表达 A secret formula A magic formula A basic formula A secret formula A standard formula A successful formula A compromise formula
A formula for economic progress
There’s no magic formula for success成功的方案
Approach 方法 步骤相关表达
Each of the delegates suggested a different approach to the problem.
Avenue方法 途径
The president wants to explore every avenue towards peach in the region Channel途径 渠道
The government pursued every diplomatic channel to free the hostages. Manner风格，方式
She stared at me in an accusing manner. open sesame秘诀开门咒
a science degree can be an open sesame to a job in almost any field resort 凭借手段
Drug treatment should only be used as a last resort. By hook or by crook不择手段
I decided I was going to get that job by hook or by crook
一组 发明，创造的词 Devise 发明
The cartoon character Snoopy was devised by accident Coin 杜撰
The word “aromatherapy” was coined in the 1920’s Come up with
See if you can come up with a better name for it
Make up 编造
When my mother was in a good mood, she would make up songs about it. 罪犯
Outlaw 逃犯
Outlaws in the Marsh水浒传
Criminal 罪犯 abettor教唆犯 accessory从犯 juvenile delinquent 少年犯 First-time offender 初犯 stalker 跟踪者 trespasser侵入他人土地者 Trespassers will be prosecuted 闲人莫入，违者必究
Suspect
1怀疑 I suspected that there was sth wrong with the engine. 2嫌疑犯
3, 可疑的 I’ve always thought he was a bit of a suspect character. 4, suspected有嫌疑的 A suspected child killer 5，suspicious怀疑的
Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious of his behavior 6,suspicious易引起人怀疑的
He was behaving in a highly suspicious manner.
作品中人物
Protagonist主要人物
Antagonist 反面人物，敌人
Characters in film and literature: Character人物角色 Hero正派男主人公 Heroine正派女主人公 Antihero 反面主角 Villain 坏人 反面角色 Baddy 坏蛋 反面人物
神秘，谜的相关表达 Is a mystery 是个谜
How the massive stones were brought here form hundreds of miles away remains a mystery Be veiled in mystery/be shrouded in mystery 蒙着神秘的面纱
Stone Age civilization, veiled in mystery as it is,has provided the greatest challenge to historians
Enigma谜 不可思议的东西
Madeleine was still very much an enigma to him.
一组表示改变的词语 convert 转换 adapt 使适应 modify修改
customize定做，改制 Alter 改变 amend 修正
revise 修订 一组型近词 conserve 保藏保存 Conceive 想象持有 contrive 发明 设计
Defy 不服从
Defy the majority decision
Defy belief/description/explanation/analysis
Mild 温和的 适度的 轻微的 A mild herbicide A mild climate A mild heart attack
A feeling of mild irritation
A cheese with a pleasant mild flavor A mild criticism A mild setback
A mild, well-mannered man
A mild shampoo
I heard him mutter a mild swear word
一组表示发生的词语 Come about
The opportunity to get into politics came about quite by accident. How come
How come I can’t make her happy, how come she can’t make me happy. Joey, how come you never sweet-talk me in person? Arise 发现发生 起因于
Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to go to China
Befall 降临遭遇
Should any harm befall me on my journey, you may open this letter. Ensue 跟着发生 继起
I objected to what he had just said and a heated argument then ensued. Materialize使成真 实现
She was promised a promotion but I never materialized
Result以 为结果 导致
Teachers were not fully prepared for the major changes in the exam system, and chaos resulted.
Be underway进行中
Economic recovery is already underway Become of 降临，遭遇
Whatever became of the parcel you sent? Be in full swing活跃
The party was in full swing by the time we arrive
制作，编造类表达 Manufacture 制作
Bile is manufactured by the liver Fabricated编造
If the media can manufacture stories like this who are we suppose to believe?
一组表示在 方面的词汇 In terms of
As regards with respect to Regarding As far as Is concerned In that
Term 的重要用法
Be on good bad friendly terms with somebody By now, Judie and I were on familiar terms
George and Elizabeth have come to terms with the fact that they will never have children The agreement reaches its term next year.
In the long term, alcohol causes high blood pressure.
It was always clear that Schimidt’s third term in office would prove a difficult one. Multimedia is the term for any technique combining sounds and images The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy in ruins Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty.
猜测，猜想，推测类表达 Speculation
A further defeat for the government led to increasing speculation that the prime Minister would resign. Speculative
Theories of the origin of life are partly speculative.
When was the house built? About 1600? That’s a good guess-it was 1624 Guesswork推断
At the beginning, the police investigation was largely based on guesswork Conjecture猜想
The judge dismissed the evidence as pure conjecture Circumspect 谨慎的，不确定的，估计的 Perspective 看法 透视 Prospectus计划书 大纲 Retrospect回想 回顾 Auspice 吉兆，前兆 Conspicuous 显眼的 Despicable可鄙的
Perspicacious 有洞察力的
Scent 香味
Fragrance odor perfume aroma Defensive formation
March in formations 列队行进
In defensive formation以防御队形前进 In attacking formation 以进攻队形
Ensue 随后发生--随后发生的几种情况
Problems that ensue from food and medical shortages Follow 跟随
Suddenly there was a shout from above, immediately followed by a loud bang.
Come after 跟着 来
The agreement came after six months of negotiation On the heels of紧跟着
The new comes on the heels of the FBI’s announcement that last week’s crash was caused by mechanical failure
In the wake of 紧跟
In the wake of Thailand’s economic troubles, Malaysia’s currency also sank.
体弱多病
Be susceptible to disease/infections/erosion/flattery/problems/pressure易受影响 Be prone to allergies /infections 容易过敏 A sickly/delicate child(体弱多病的孩子) An elderly and infirm lady 年老体衰
迅速增长
Multiply繁殖增加in warm weather these germs multiply rapidly
Double 两倍增长 since they started borrowing money, their problems have multiplied Triple quadruple
snow ball使迅速增长
Unemployment snowballed at the beginning of the 1980’s
Proliferate激增
Child pornography is proliferating due to the increased use of computer chat rooms
敌人
Natural enemies天敌 adversary对手 antagonist敌手
arch-enemy主要敌人 foe个人仇敌
Nemesis强硬的对手 opponent对手 rival竞争对手
sworn enemies 不共戴天的仇敌
“协议”各种说法 reach a deal ；
construct the agreements；
reach one accord ；
Hammer out different pacts
deal, agreement, accord和pact都有的意思，但又有些许差别 agreement :普遍用词，用法最广; deal : 侧重于表示商业协议; accord : 正式用语;
pact : 严肃的协议，指条约、公约、盟约 Treaty
仪器，器械说法
Device Apprentice Equipment Facility Utility
荒唐的，荒谬的 Absurd adj. 荒唐的 Ridiculous 荒谬 Odd 奇怪
Strange 奇怪 ====淘汰 Unbelievable不可思议 Nonsense 废话，胡说 Weird 怪异的
Unimaginable 不可想象的
Miraculous 神奇的，奇迹般的
比赛Contest 的各种说法 Competition Compete
Game Match 竞赛 Play
Stakes 打赌 Tournament 锦标赛
口语中如何表示称赞
Splendid! 太棒了
Extraordinary! 太不寻常了 extra 超出寻常 Outstanding! 卓越 突出 Great！ 很常用
excellent ！ 很完美 well done！干得好
后面是不太常见但是西方人很常用的 That’s my buddy!
你女朋友校园歌手大赛第一名 that’s my girl!
称赞男朋友一般不说 boy that’s my man但一般女孩儿不说 that’s the boy！ 雾都孤儿 好孩子
you are the man ！美国人同事 很熟的朋友
Come on, Give me a five! 击掌 年轻人很嘻哈的感觉 读的时候要快
表示判断的用法 写作
I suppose 假设---没有猜测的含义，凭空假设 I reckon that: 把握很大 I guess 我猜
I believe---I m sure 我确信 It’s convincing that I m fully convinced that Evidence shows that I firmly believe that
I m solid on the truth that-------the truth is solid that
I think -----应该被淘汰了!语言要升级
Solitary孤单，唯一的 Alone: 单身
Lonely： 孤寂 sometimes, I felt lonely among the students when I saw sweet couples. Solitary：孤单寂寞；偏僻的地方
Solo：the coach told her to drive solo from next lesson 驾校 she has a fine solo voice Isolated:与世隔绝
我的家来自有一个偏僻的小山村
I was born in a solitary village in the mountain lonely village deserted city Due to SARS, my university is isolated She has a fine solo voice
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