小学生心理辅导的基本内容

小学生健康心理辅导是小学生心理健康教育的具体化，其中心和主旨是面向全体小学生，旨在全面促进小学生健康心理，包括良好的智力因素和非智力因素的形成和发展，提高心理素质，因而小学生健康心理辅导的内容是多方面、全方位的，主要包括以下内容。

(一)学校生活的心理适应辅导

儿童从幼儿园到学校，其主导活动由游戏变为有目的地完成学习任务，这对刚入学的小学生来说是其生活经历中的一个全新的、根本性的变化，这在心理和行为上不可避免地存在着一个适应的过程。心理辅导的主要目的就在于唤起小学生的自我意识，感到自己长大了”，激发他们作为一名小学生的自豪感和义务感，帮助小学生尽快适应学校里有秩序的学习和生活，以利于身心健康地成长。

为此，自20世纪80年代初以来，心理学工作者和幼教工作者就有关幼儿园大班到小学一年级的教育教学内容的衔接及心理上的适应问题做了大量的试验研究工作。到目前为止，各种形式的学前班已相当普及，为儿童入学做好了充分的心理准备和良好的行为训练，绝大多数入学儿童都能顺利适应，同时近年来有关方面的辅导材料也较充分，因而本书不拟专章介绍。

(二)学习心理辅导

temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing

non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality

certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive

学习是小学生的主要任务，也是小学生心理社会化的主要途径，乐于学习是小学生心理健康的重要标志之一。小学生通过学习获得知识，增长本领，取得优异的学习成绩，受到家长和教师的赞许，受到同学的好评，能够体验到成功的喜悦，激

发强烈的学习兴趣和求知欲，同时在学习中也会遇到困难和挫折，体验到失败的痛苦，经受意志力的磨炼和考验。学习上的成功能增强信心，多次失败也能丧失信心。学习心理辅导包括学习动机、学习态度、学习方法、学习习惯和考试心理辅导，目的在于引导小学生通过积极主动的探讨，进而明确学习目的，端正学习态度，树立正确的学习动机，掌握科学有效的学习方法，养成良好的学习习惯，正确对待学习中的困难和挫折，帮助小学生获得成功，体验成功的喜悦，从而形成坚定的学习信念和旺盛的进取精神。

(三)智能辅导

智能的形成和发展是人们认识世界、改造世界和创造未来的先决条件，也是小学生身心健康成长的主导因素和重要标志。人在出生以后，随着机体的发育、成长，包括感觉器官、运动器官，特别是大脑发育的逐渐完善，人们的活动范围和实践领域不断扩大，对外界事物的反映也越来越广泛、丰富和深刻。人们在反映客观事物的现象、本质、规律的过程中，逐步形成了认识能力，包括观察力、记忆力、思维能力、想象力和注意力。而以思维能力为核心的各种认识能力因素的有机结合即构成了人们的智力。在认识现实、改变现实、创造社会财富的过程中逐步形成人们的temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend

radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality

certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive

各种能力，包括认识能力、操作能力、创造能力和社会交往能力等。一个国家，一个民族，没有智能的培养和开发，一切都无从谈起，因而必须从儿童抓起。小学生智能辅导主要是智力因素的辅导、创新意识和创新能力的辅导。

(四)情感和意志辅导

俗话说，人非草木，孰能无情。如果人类没有了情绪情感，就没有对真理的追求，也没有丰富多彩的精神生活和社会生活。意志是人所特有的高级心理现象，是人的主观能动性的集中体现。没有意志，任何美好的理想、宏伟的计划和伟大的战略决策都不可能变为物质的现实，任何智慧和潜力都难以得到充分的发挥，因而既不可能有个人的美好未来，也不可能有国家和民族的美好未来。可见帮助小学生学会调节自己的心态，克服悲观、怯懦、抑郁、紧张等消极否定的情绪情感，经常性地保持舒畅、喜悦、乐观、自信等积极肯定的情绪情感，形成良好的意志品质，保持生动活泼、蓬勃奋发的良好心态，对其身心健康成长和未来发展具有十分重要而又深远的意义。其中情绪情感的辅导尤其要重视移情体验的辅导，注意引导小学生设身处地、将心比心，去体验他人的欢乐和痛苦，以培养小学生的同情心和正义感，激发自觉的意志行动。

(五)个性心理辅导

个性心理是一个独特的、多系统、多侧面、多层次和多级发展水平的开放性的结构系统。个性的全面发展是实现主义社temperature piping and

equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no

dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive

会的重要条件之一。一个人个性结构中的优势、潜力、特点或弱点，不仅制约着其社会活动的选择性、效能及未来发展的可能性，同时也往往是事业成败的决定因素。比如三国时期诸葛亮的足智多谋，刘备的宽厚仁义，关羽的忠义和自负，张飞的粗中有细和刚烈暴躁，司马懿的多疑，周瑜的心胸狭窄等都曾是功业成败的决定因素。此外吕布身为三国时代第一猛将，辕门射戟一箭镇住十万大军，然而中原之大何故竟无立锥之地，以致白门楼身首异处?河北袁绍历四世三公，拥有雄兵百

万，战将千员，可谓兵精粮足，何故难成大业?究其根源，盖因其个性结构存在着致命的弱点所致。前者吕布有勇无谋，刚愎自用，见利忘义，失信于天下;后者袁绍多谋无断，“干大事而惜身，见小利而亡命”是也。古往今来，凡成就大事业者其个性结构都有其独特的优势、潜力和特点，如思路开阔，灵活机敏，富有坚定的信念和创新意识，好奇心、求知欲强烈，求真务实，坚忍不拔，不怕困难，不怕挫折，勇于进取，敢冒风险，心胸开朗，达观，富有幽默感等。小学生个性心理辅导的根本目的，就在于帮助和促进小学生的个性心理，包括兴趣、能力、性格和自我意识等各方面得到全面和谐的发展。

(六)日常生活中的心理辅导

小学生日常生活中的心理辅导主要包括社会交往辅导、休闲辅导、消费辅导和常识性的生活技能辅导。社会交往是人类意识发生、发展和形成的基本条件。运用言语的和非言语的符号系统temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector,

threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality

certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments. 5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive

交流思想、情感，总结和传播知识经验，表达物质的和精神的各种需要，是人类所特有的社会心理现象，也是协调各方面的人际关系，调动各方面的积极性，统一思想，统一意志，同心同德，团结协作，实现群体目标，取得事业成功的客观要求和必要条件。小学生通过正常交往，一方面可获得友谊与爱，得到同伴的接纳、尊重、理解和赞许，从中体验到存在的价值和生活的乐趣，同时亦可学会更好地尊重他人，理解他人，关心和帮助他人，学会与人合作。这不仅有利于增长知识，增长才干，也有利于身心健康。休闲辅导、消费辅导和生活技能辅导是我国现代社会生活提出来的新课题，是随着我国经济及各项社会事业飞速发展，收入和生活水平不断提高的结果，也是素质教育的客观需要。休闲、消费和生活技能方面的辅导有

助于培养小学生健康的生活情趣、乐观的生活态度和良好的生活习惯。辅导的主要目的在于帮助小学生正确选择休闲方式，发展有益于身心健康的兴趣爱好，树立正确的消费观念，合理计划消费水平和消费行为，提高生活自理的能力。这一点对于广大独生子女采说，尤其必要。

temperature piping and equipment, avoid oil pipeline, avoiding vibration equipment, principles of construction of beautiful and neat easy to install. 5.1.5.2 from field instrumentation and valves field junction boxes to the single line slot cable using pipe, 220VAC power cord shall be full pipe laying, indoor coaxial cables concealed and outdoor wear buried. 5.1.5.3 bending cold bending method should be used to protect pipe, bending angle should not be less than 900, when wearing non-armoured cable and laid, bend radius should not be less than 6 times the pipe diameter, when while wearing armored cable and concealed, bend radius should not be less than 10 times the pipe diameter. Bend protection tube there should be no dents, cracks, single right-angled bend protection tube should not be more than two. 5.1.5.4 between protective tube and between protective tube and connector, threaded connections should be used, it tube end screw thread length should not be less than 1/2 of the fitting, and ensures the electrical connection. 5.1.5.5 protection tube should line up, ... 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 check tubing for pressure piping laying pipe, components, materials and specifications meet the design requirements, and have quality

certificates, before laying should be cleared by welding and bending the welding slag, rust, chip or a foreign body, and preservative treatments.

5.1.7.2 in pressure piping welding welder must have a valid welder certificate. 5.1.7.3 tubing under the conditions to meet measurement requirements should be as short as possible, General length should not be more than 15m, pipe bending cold bending, cutting machine, minimizing bending and cross, and there shall be no sharp and complex bending, bending radius of not less than 3 times the pipe diameter. 5.1.7.4 pipe and process equipment, piping, or building surface distance is greater than 50mm, not be laid parallel to the oil, combustible, explosive