高英unit13

Because the shipping conference have a more settled system and a system of price fixing. The shipping conference members share the trade with each other and shipping conference can help its members get over difficulties smoothly.

to make a big killing: to reap big profit, to make a large amount of money suddenly, esp. in business

the industrialized world had begun its slide into the worst depression since the 1930s

(the depression in) the 1930s: referring to the worldwide great depression from 1929 to 1933. It began with the New York stock market crash on Oct. 24, 1929.

British shipowners … in the first place

British shipowners had not invested big in the tanker trade from the very beginning when the demand of oil was great. British shipowners had been wise enough not to rush into the tanker trade when oil tankers were in great demand.

2.why the oil-taker flees would first to be affected by the 1970s' crisis?

Because the oil demand was declined sharply, the oil-taker flees were not

urgent needed.

3.what's the meaning of bulk carries?

Bulk carries are ships that carry dry cargo of one particular kind, such as sugar, coal or wheat, with iron ore being by far the most important.

4.why did the author refer the bulk carries?

British shipping industry owns a large number of bulk carries, author wanted to imply that the stress of this crisis brought to the British shipping industry wasn't a bit.

五．But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron ore carries? What's the meaning of \"in the doldrums\"

In a low and sad state of mind; in a state of inactive.

六．How can you understand the sentence: the British shipping industry now began to feel the pinch?

the British shipping industry now began to enter into a period of depression; now began to really affected by the slump; the impact of the slump now began to be felt by the British shipping industry.

七．Arab—Israeli：阿以战争

以色列和阿拉伯国家间发生过四次主要军事冲突。第一次战争是在1948年5月14日以色列国宣布成立之后爆发的；第二次冲突是1956年10月，由于纳赛尔没收欧洲人所有的苏伊士运河，因而引起国际性危机，以色列借机侵入西奈，以摧毁敌对的阿拉伯基地；第三次冲突发生在1967年6月5—10日，后来称为6天战争；六天战争之后的零星战斗到了1973年又发展成为全面战争，即第四次阿以战争，10月6日，即犹太人的斋戒日，埃及越过苏伊士运河，叙利亚则在戈兰高地向以色列发动进攻（因此称斋月战争）

5.why the scheduled freight-liner services could go through the crisis's impact?

Because the liner-freight vessels are not to be dependent on only one customer. It carried all sorts of different cargoes. And it is welcomed by the people with cargoes that are not big enough to rent a whole ship.

6.what's the difference between the liner flees and oil tankers or bulk carries?

Liner flees are not depending on one mainly customer, they transport many different kinds of goods. While, the oil- takers and bulk carries are only rely on one or two basic material's transportation.

7.Why the British shipping industry can remain relatively strong?

The scheduled freight-liner service is the main service of the British shipping industry, liner ships carry all sorts of different cargoes, if there is a slump in one particular industry, provided there is still buoyancy in other countries, the liner

fleets can still survive.

8.Why the British's liner fleets rarely see a British port?

Because the British ships are extensive cross-traders, which carry goods between foreign countries.

9.Why developing countries regard a merchant navy as something of a status symbol?