2008年中石油职称英语试题及答案 完整版(试卷类型 24)
英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称 英语水平考试 试卷类型:24 答卷注意事项
1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型(在本页右上角)是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。
2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9:00-11:00。试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答题纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。
3、试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。
4、在填写被准话答题卡时应注意:
1)在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。在填涂准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题
部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。
2)试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“?、?、,、,”等符号均为无效。
3)答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。 4)如需更改答案时，应先用橡皮擦净后，再划线答题。
5、试卷二为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译。一律用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。
6、考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、BP机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。
7、遵守考场纪律，不得有交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。
2008 试 卷 一 I. Vocabulary
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence
there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best
completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. Being able to save and accumulate wealth is not automatic. A. considerate B. considerable C. conscious D. careful 2. Wonderful
of nature are all around us. A. appearance B. experience
C. phenomena D. philosophy 3. The whole county
with little red hearts on Valentine’s Day. A. breaks in B. breaks into C. breaks off D. breaks out
4. If I were the president of a university I should a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”.
A. escape B. establish C. estate D. elapse
5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing the
chief oilfield of the world. A. confined B. confessed C. conformed D. confirmed
6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by
in-store .
A. decided B. decisive C. decide D. decisions
7. I believe that truth and justice are to an enduring social order. A. fundamental B. fountain C. formation D. friction
8. Some of these “upside down” airmail stamps are now over $6,000. A. worthy B. worthed C. worth D. worthwhile
9. The early pioneers had to
many hardships to settle on the new land. A. go into B. go along with C. go back on D. go through
10. Remember that customers don't about prices in that city. A. dispute B. bargain
C. consult D. discuss
11. Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.
A. brought about B. brought in C. brought up D. brought out
12. Do you know where the pictures on money ?
A. resulted from B. removed from C. came from D. fell from 13. I often
about how quickly time flies. A. complain B. complaint C. compile D. conceive
14. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in
dictionaries. A. common
B. familiar C. known D. friendly
15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death from heart disease than non-smoking males. A. rate B. price C. speed D. degree
16. With winter here you can
these skirts till you need them again next summer. A. get rid of B. give away C. do away with D. put away
17. The good service at the hotel the poor food to some extent. A. made for B. made out C. made up for D. mad use of
18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply . A. applied B. appreciated C. approved
D. appealed
19. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to .
A. revolve B. grasp C. seize D. tackle
20. Few people who
of high school will be rich. A. run down B. check in C. drop out D. check out
II. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. The young receptionist doesn't permit
in the exhibition center. A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoke
D. to have smoked
22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
A. what B. whom C. that D. which
23. More than two thousands work in this refinery. A. Russias B. Russian C. Russians D Russia
24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to was eaten. A. what B. which C. it D. that
25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earth
by water more than 12,000 feet deep. A. could have been covered B. might had been covered C. is covered D. would be covered
26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.
A. have been conducted B. are conducted C. is conducted D. being conducted
27. All the money , we started looking for work. A. has been spent B. have been spent C. being spent D. having been spent
28. One main branch of sea science, , holds enormous unanswered questions.
A. physical oceanography B. is physical oceanography C. called physical oceanography D. what is physical oceanography 29. An
crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman. A. excite B. excitedly C. excited D. exciting 30. There
a lot of
on the roads yesterday. A. were...traffic B. was...traffic C. were...traffics D. was...traffics
31. China and America are separated by . A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pacific Ocean C. the Pacific Ocean D. Pacific Oceans 32.
to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.
A. If Iran was
B. Was Iran C. If Iran is D. Were Iran 33. in 1943
the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles. A. Only...that B. It was...then
C. That it was...when D. It was...that
34. The population of Beijing is three times that of Qingdao. A. so large as
B. as large to C. as large as D. as larger than 35. He
his office for there was no one to answer the phone. A. must have left B. must leave
C. may have left D. can have left
36. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend vacation. A. his B. her C. its D. their
37. I will leave him a note he will know where we are. A. so that B. that C. in order D. in case
38. The teacher thinks that Tom
for the accident and instead we should try to comfort him. A. doesn't blame B. is to blame C. isn't to blame D. isn't blamed
39. When I pulled into her driveway, she by the door with her coat on.
A. is waiting B. was waiting C. waits D. waited
40. The clerk asked Robey later in the day. A. returning B. to return
C. return D. to be returned III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the
Answer Sheet.
Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage: One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University,
the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking—still in
private rather than in public—whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority,
admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990's.
Should Harvard—or any other university—be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the
political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social
revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of
faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several
years ago.
“If the universities are to do their work,\" he said, \"they must be independent and they
must be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgments
which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment the
universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government,
their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired...”
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the
keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in
bringing the nation's ideals and actions together.
Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American universities and
political life in the 1990's.
41. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should
remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .
A. overcome the widespread drug dependency
B. take an active part in solving society's ills C. fight militarism
D. support our old and established institutions 42. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is . A. an abnormal condition B. a parenthetical expression C. a difficult puzzle D. a self-contradiction
43. The word “sanctuary” in paragraph 3 is . A. a temple or nunnery of middle age
B. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps C. a holy place dedicated to a certain god D. an academy for intelligent people
44. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard . A. will soon be over, because times are bound to change B. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends C. will influence future life in America D. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:
Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or
darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.
One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to
darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.
But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.
Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm.
More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its
darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than
the Cape Cod tides.
Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as to
the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them may
fly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each other.
Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights take
place within a definite period of time.
Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hours
of darkness or light in each day.
But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause
the \"clocks\" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of \"winding\" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock \"ticks\occur in the bird. The length of each day during the
winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the \"alarm\" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then
stops—to be re-wound again the next fall.
45. The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governed
by ____.
A. hours of daylight B. the time of day in their native environments C. the moon D. something we don't understand completely
46. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to ____. A. time of sunrise B. its background C. amount of daylight D. time of tides
47. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to ____.
A. the position of the sun B. the day of the year C. the temperature D. the geographical location
48. What controls the migration of birds seems to be ____. A. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny days B. direction of migration
C. time between sunrise and sunset D. breeding habits
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:
Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting. That is why
pills and capsules are also used.
The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect, either. Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, the
pills dissolve too quickly.
Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over a
long period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the
“osmotic (渗透的) pump pill”.
The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Cellulose is a very porous
substance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls of plants.
These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. As water enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steady
process is called osmosis.
The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating of
the pill are big enough to allow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up and
the medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.
49. The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills and
capsules because____.
A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of time B. the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomach
C. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quickly D. it helps to build pressure in the body
50. The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called ____.
A. cellulose B. osmosis C. pressure D. synthesis
51. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pill
when ____.
A. the pill is swallowed
B. the cellulose coating is dissolved C. enough pressure builds up in the pill
D. the medicine is dissolved with water from the body
52. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains
____.
A. millions of tiny holes
B. a substance that dissolves it C. a substance that creates pressure D. liquid medicine
Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price
system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,
including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The
interrelationships of all these prices make up the \"system\" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in
which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define \"price\by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or
service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar
with not only the money amount, but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total \"package\" being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that they
may evaluate a given price.
53. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ____.
A. labor and education
B. transportation and insurance C. utilities and repairs D. products and services
54. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in complete
understanding of price?
A. Instructions that come with a product. B. The quantity of a product. C. The quality of a product. D. Warranties that cover a product.
55. In the last sentence of the passage, the word \"they\" refers to ____.
A. return privileges B. all the factors C. buyer and seller D. money
56. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ____. A. unusual ways to advertise products B. types of payment plans for service
C. theories about how products affect different levels of society D. how certain elements of a price \"package\" influence its market value
2007中石油职称英语考试试题(含答案及分析)
英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试 声明:这是友人所答～错误之处请见谅
试卷类型:17 I. Vocabulary
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer
on the Answer Sheet.
1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence. A. reward B. win C. gain D. earn 答案为C 分析:
翻译:你的演讲课会给你一次获得信心的机会。 reward:为获得荣誉，奖励，奖赏，不可以和信心搭配。
win:赢得，可以搭配的有比赛，战争，赌博等。 gain:获得信心
earn:第一个排除，赚钱的意思。
2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only
marginally reduce, not eliminate the__.
A. inconveniences B. hazards C. harmonies D. hatreds 答案为B 分析:
翻译:过滤嘴和低焦油烟草据说会使吸烟更加安全，但他们只是减少而并非完全削除吸烟所带来的灾害。
inconveniences:麻烦。 hazards :危害，灾害。 harmonies:和谐 hatreds:憎恨。
3. New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were__.
A. reposed B. imposed C. imported D. exposed 答案为B 分析:
翻译:新的环境税中，汽车、汽油和木材产品都要被征税。 reposed:休息，休眠，静止 impose :征税。 imported:进口
exposed:暴露，曝光
4. Many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. So, how
do we balance __ and fluency in spoken English? A. accuracy B. emergency C. frequency D. efficiency 答案为A 分析:
翻译:许多学生发现如果他们试图说的快些，他们就会错得更多。因此，我们如何平衡英语口语的流利和
准确呢,
accuracy:准确，正确 emergency :紧急情况。 frequency:频率 efficiency:效率
5. Unfortunately war __ in the Middle East on October 6, 1973. A. broke out B. broke off C. broke through D. broke away
答案为A
这个简单，只需翻译以下:
很不幸，1973年10月6日中东战争爆发了。
6. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded.
A. thin B.narrow C. thick D. sorrow 答案为B
这个也简单，narrow-minded为小心眼，其余没有这个意思。
只给翻译，不做深入分析——
那些经常拒绝听取其他意见的人有变成小心眼的风险。 7. __ is the mother of invention.
A. Negligible B. Needless C. Necessity D. Necessarily 答案为:C
这个简单不做分析
8. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles, __ to 661,000 square kilometers, Alberta is the
fourth largest province in Canada.
A. alike B. likely C. equivalent D. uniform 答案为:C
书上原题，翻译为:拥有大约225，212平方mile，相当于661,000平方公里的面积，Alberta是加国第四
大省。
alike adj.相同的, 相似的 adv.以同样的方式, 类似于 likely adj.很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的 adv.或许, 很可能
equivalent adj.相等的, 相当的, 同意义的 n.等价物, 相等物
uniform adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的, 始终如一的, 均衡的;n.制服;vt.使成一样, 使穿制服
只有equivalent to是相当于的意思
9. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__. A. faculties B. fragments C. facilities D. fairly 答案为:C
翻译:一个完整的炼油装置必须包括所有的必备工具。
facility n.设备, 工具
faculty n.才能, 本领, 能力, 全体教员, (大学的)系, 科, (授予的)权力 fragment n.碎片, 断片, 片段
fairly adv.公正地, 正当的, 公平对待某人, 公平地, 相当地, 还算, 清楚地
10. As life is full of strife and __, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties.
A. confirm B. conflict C. conformation D. confinement 答案为:B
人生充满了冲突和矛盾，因此我们需要朋友的支持来度过难关。 confirm vt.确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效;v.确认, (基督教中)给...行按手礼
conflict n.斗争, 冲突;vi.抵触, 冲突 conformation n.构造
confinement n.(被)限制, (被)禁闭, 产期, 分娩 11. My mother has lived __ since my father died 20 years ago.
A. single B. alone C. sole D. lonely 答案为:B
妈妈从20年前父亲去世那年就独自生活了。
12. Let us start a long march together on different roads __ the same goal.
A. referring to B. turning to C. belonging to D. leading to 答案为:D
让我们在不同的路上朝着同一目标开始一个新的长征。 refer to v.查阅, 提到, 谈到, 打听
turn to v.转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于, 开始行动 belong to v.属于 lead to v.导致, 通向
13. Today three out of four Americans __ towns, cities or suburbs. A. live through B. live in C. live up to D. live on 答案为:B
今天四分之三的美国人居住在城镇、市郊和城市里。
14. Geologists, __ some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find
petroleum.
A. in reply to B. in contrast to C. in proportion to D. in relation to
答案为:B
和某些非地质学家形成对照，地质学家相信。。。。 in reply to 答复
in contrast to 和...形成对比,对照, in proportion to adv.与...成比例
in relation to adv.关于, 涉及, 与…相比 15. Americans __ a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails.
A. consume B. swallow C. dispose D. exhaust 答案为:A
美国人以鸡尾酒的形式消费了大量的酒精。 16. The __ in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer.
A. climate B. weather C. season D. space
答案为:A
书上原题，可惜这个我打错了555～ 很简单，climate=气候，长期的;weather=天气，短期内的
17. Love makes the world__.
A. go by B. go for C. go after D. go around 答案为:D
书上的原题，爱让这个世界转动。
18. Washington was __ by French architect Pierre L'Enfant in the late 18th century.
A. laid down B. laid out C. laid aside D. laid off 答案为:B
美国首都华盛顿是由法国建筑师Pierre L'Enfant于十八世纪晚期设计的。 lay down v.放下, 放弃
lay out v.摆开, 展示, 布置, 安排, 投资 lay aside v.搁置, 积蓄
lay off v.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出
19. __ all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.
A. In honor of B. In place of C. On behalf of D. On account of 答案为:C
我代表美国客人感谢你们无与伦比的盛情。 in honor of 向...表示敬意, 为祝贺... in place of adv.代替 on behalf of adv.代表...
on account of adv.由于
20. We feel we are happiest when we __ and exchange ideas with one another.
A. chart B. chatter C. chase D. chat 答案为:D
我们聊天和交流思想会很快乐。 II. Grammatical Structure
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there Are four choices
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer
on the Answer Sheet.
21. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor __ to those who deserved it most.
A. was it given B. it was given C. given it D. was given it 答案为:A
22. China’s 11th __ plan __ great emphasis on the environment. A. five-years, places B. five-year, place C. five-years, place D. five-year, places 答案为:D
23. The students __ the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
A. doing B. did C. having done D. to do 答案为:C
24. If we study day after day, there is nothing __ cannot be achieved.
A.that B. which C. whom D. we 答案为:A
25. China is larger than__.
A. all countries in Asia B. Japan and India as well as Asia C. any other countries in Asia D. any countries in Asia 答案为:C
26. You'd like to go with me, __ you? A. had B. hadn't C. would D. wouldn't 答案为D
我所答的第21卷此题为:
You'd better read it by yourself, ___ you? 这样，答案就是hadn't you了。
××由此推断，试卷类型不一样，不仅仅是翻译部分不一样，选择题也可能不一样。
27. The income of high school dropouts is about __ that of Americans with a high school diploma.
A. two-third B. two-thirds C. second-third D. two-three 答案为:B
28. If Lincoln were alive today, he __ a top athlete in many sports. A. would be C. would have been C. will be D. was 答案为:A
29. I hope to hear more about the activities __ there.
A. being happened B. to be happened C. going on D. being gone on 答案为:C
30. The playing cards we use today are much like those __ for hundreds of years.
A. were used B. used C. been used D. using 答案为:B
31. Devotion means __ our heart on one thing at a time and give up all other thoughts.
A. setting B. set C. to set D. that setting 答案为:C
32. Cooperation should __ for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.
A. be enhanced B. enhance C. have enhanced D. to be enhanced 答案为:A
33. __ is not clear.
A. That he will come B. He will come C. Whether he will come D. If he will come
答案为:C
34. Carbon, __ is a very important part of living things on the earth, is rare on the moon.
A. what B. that C. which D. it 答案为:C
35. As __ chairman of __ committee, I declare the meeting open. A. the, 不填 B. the, the C. 不填, 不填 D. 不填, the
答案为:D
36. While he was in the office, he preferred __ something __nothing. A. to do, to do B. to do, doing C. doing, to do D. doing, to doing 答案为:D 所考知识点为
这里的to是介词，后面应用名次或者动名词。
37. The President declared that the nation's energy demands __ so rapidly since 1968.
A. have grown . B. had grown C. grows D. has grown 答案为:D
38. As a signatory to the Kyoto pact on climate change, Britain __ carbon emissions by 20 percent by
2010.
A. had reduced B. must reduce C. may reduce D. ought to have reduced 答案为:B
39. It's time __ you __ relax.
A. for, to B. to, for C. for, for D. to, to 答案为:A
40. Each of us __ a MP3 player. A. has to B. have to C. have D has 答案为:D
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:
The lead pencil is one of the most used pieces of merchandise in the world. It is the simplest, most convenient and least expensive of all writing instruments.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about the lead pencil is that it is not lead at all. And it is not a pencil. The \"lead\" is actually graphite from the Greek word \"to write.\" The word \"pencil\" is from Latin. The first pencils were fine or stiff brushes of hair.
American pencil makers turn out their product by the millions. Probably there is no more useful article in the world. As one wise person remarked: \"Everything begins with a pencil. Whether it's a pin or a battleship, it is first rendered with a pencil.\"
There is a pencil for every purpose. In fact, the industry now supplies 370 different types and styles in more than 70 different colors and in 18 degrees of hardness.
Some write clearly on slippery surfaces, such as glass and plastic. Surgeons use a special pencil for outlining the operation area on the patient's skin, and packing-plants use another type to write
identification on sides of beef. There is even a special electric pencil used for tests checked by electronic machines.
There are many novelty pencils. Some have the Ten Commandments, calendars or the multiplication table on them. Some are in the shape of umbrellas, canes, baseball bats and traffic signals. One may be 12 feet long, while others are only 1/2 inch.
One recent novelty is a pencil with paper in it. A small roll of paper fits in the center of the pencil and is drawn out through a slit in the side. It's just the thing for those who are always looking for a scrap of paper
A popular idea is that a check, will, or other legal paper whiten in pencil is not legal. This is not true. Any legal document which does not specify otherwise can be legally signed in pencil.
41. The author says that the \"lead\" in a pencil__
A. is graphite B. is really a chemical C. comes from Greece D. is hard to find
答案为:A 友人怀疑是C,我再次读了一遍，还觉得应该是A石墨
42. What is meant by the following quotation__\"Whether it's a pin or a battleship, it is first rendered with a pencil.\"
A. A pencil is difficult to work with.
B. The design of the pencil is rendered important.
C. The first designs of pin and battleship are not important. D. The pencil is used by everyone for many purposes. 答案为:D
43. Which of the following types of pencils was not mentioned in the story?
A. a pencil for surgeons
B. a pencil for writing on slippery surfaces C. a pencil for writing underwater D. a pencil with paper in it 答案为:C
44. According to the article, a document signed with a pencil __ A. will smudge badly B. will net last so long as one signed in ink C. will not hold up in court D. may be legal 答案为:D
Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:
In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious association. The Olympian athletic festival, held every four years in honor of Zeus, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event, and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been waived, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.
The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boys' gymnastics, horse-racing, field events such as discus and javelin throwing, and the very important foot races. There was also boxing and wrestling and special tests of varied ability such as the pentathlon, the winner of which excelled in
running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing and wrestling. The evening of the third day was
devoted to sacrificial offerings to the heroes of the day, and the fourth day, that of the
full moon, was set aside as a holy day.
On the sixth and last day, all the victors were crowned with holy garlands of wild, live from a sacred wood. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. The public honor also made the strict discipline of the ten-month training period worthwhile. In spite of the lengthy training, however runners were known to drop dead from strain at the winning post. How their results compared with modem standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.
After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were abolished in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin. It was over 1,500 years before there was another such international athletics gathering. The Greek institution was revived in 1896 and the first small meeting took place in Athens. After the 1908 London Olympics, success was re-established and nations sent their best representatives. In times of peace, the Games have taken place ever since at four-yearly intervals.
Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming
pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes' expenses. Athletic contests are still the main feature, but now many more sports are represented
women compete, the ancient pentathlon, for example, has been modified into a more comprehensive test, and the marathon races, initiated in 1896, are now a celebrated event.
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns
throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.
45. The first Olympic Games took place__. A. probably before 700 B.C. B. over three thousand years ago C. in the seventh century A.D. D. a thousand years ago 答案为:A
46. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of the ancient runners because __.
A. the Greeks had no means of telling the time B. details such times were not recorded in the past
C. they are much better D. the ancient runners fell down dead
答案为:B
47. The continuity of the Olympic Games__.
A. has never been broken B. was broken in the year A.D. 1200 C. was interrupted for over 1,500 years D. was broken in 1896 答案为:C
48. At he beginning of the Games in the host country __ A. a torch is ignited at sunrise
B. a lighted torch is brought into the stadium
C. relays of runners light their torches in the stadium D. a torch is ignited by the Greek ambassador 答案为:B
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage: Radiant energy is also called light energy. Our most important source of radiant energy is, of course, the sun. Without it there would be no life, for plant life depends upon radiant energy--and we depend upon plant life.
Other forms of radiant energy familiar to us are radio waves, infrared rays, ultra-violet rays, X rays, and gamma rays.
In simplest terms, mechanical energy is the energy of a moving object. Your heartbeat, the pushing of a lawn mower, a baseball speeding through the air, water falling onto a waterwheel, the prying up of a rock with a crowbar--all are mechanical energy, which, of course, was another form of energy earlier.
Electrical energy usually has to be changed to another form before it actually does what we want it to do. In the toaster, it changes to heat; in a tiny wrist watch or a subway train or a 75,000 horse-power industrial motor, it changes to mechanical energy. In an industrial process called electrolysis, it changes to chemical energy.
Various fuels such as coal, gas, oil, and food are common examples of chemical energy. These fuels give off heat when they burn. The process is called combustion or oxidation, and the heat itself is a form of energy. Man uses the energy from some kind of fuel for everything from flying to the moon to thinking about it.
A special kind of chemical energy is nuclear energy, sometimes called atomic energy. These names come from the fact that the source of energy is the nucleus, or core, of the atom. Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium give off heat energy
when fission (the splitting of atoms in these fuels) occurs. Already we have seen tremendous advances in the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and many people see nuclear energy as the future answer to almost all of our energy needs.
49. In a toaster, __ energy becomes heather gy. A. electrical B. mechanical C. heat D. radiant 答案为:A
50. Nuclear energy is a special sort of A. uranium B. chemical energy
C. radiant energy D. electricity generated in atomic plants
答案为:B
51. We use the terms combustion and oxidation when we talk about __. A. the energy of a moving object
B. connecting a generator to a steam turbine C. nuclear fission
D. fuels which give off heat when they burn 答案为:D
52. From the facts given in this article we can tell that __ A. often a form of energy is useless to us until it becomes another form
B. steam power is cheaper and better than electrical power C. in the near future, there will be enough nuclear power to supply all our energy needs
D. energy can change to another form, but the new form cannot change hack into the old form
答案为:C
Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:
The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.
In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or
molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrate or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.
One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomichron is cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.
An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.
53. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be__. A. more durable B. indestructible C. more precise D. absolutely accurate 答案为:C
54. From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes __ A. affect only ammonia molecules
B. may affect the vibration rate of atoms C. affect the speed at which atoms travel D. do not affect atoms in any way
答案为:B
55. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check
A. the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativity B. all of Einstein's theories
C. the effect of outer space on an atomic clock D. the actual speed of an orbiting satellite 答案为:A
56. Which is implied but not stated?
A. Precise timekeeping is essential in science.
B. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theories. C. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight. D. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies. 答案为:C
Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Our multimillion nerve-cell central nervous system has its roots in the scattered nerve cells of tiny, lowly organisms that lived in water half a billion years ago. Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates--\"hollow-gutted\" organisms like hydra and the sea anemone. A coelenterate's nerve network lacks any kind of centralized control. This probably began with flatworms--the first creatures to possess a head. Specialized sense cells help flatworms respond more flexibly than sea anemones to outside stimulus. But like most animals without a backbone, flatworms act mostly by instinct and reflex.
Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big, complex types of brain--the types we find among the backboned animals, or vertebrates. The tidiest fish has a larger brain than the largest insect. But the development of a fish's three-part brain reflects that beast' unintellectual priorities. Much of the forebrain deals only with smell. The midbrainhandles vision, the hindbrain, balance.
With early mammals the brain grew larger and more complex. Sense coordination shifted from the midbrain to the forebrain, a developing structure capped by a folded cerebrum to handle memory and learning. Meanwhile the hindhrain gained a large cerebellum to coordinate complicated movements.
Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans (the primates) have brains derived from ancestors that took to living in the trees, where vision mattered more than smell. Accordingly the once big \"smell\" part of the forebrain grew smaller, while the part that handles vision grew much larger.
57, With what topic is the passage mainly concerned? A. The anatomy of tiny organisms B. The sensory organs of invertebrates
C. The importance of vision of fish and advanced mammals D. The origin of the brain and the central nervous system 答案为:D
58. It can be inferred from the passage that insects do not have __.
A. nerve cells B reflexes C. brains D. Backbones 答案为:D
59. According to the passage, what helps to coordinate the complex physical activity of a mammal? A. The cerebrum B. The midbrain C. The cerebrum D. The forebrain
答案为:A
60. In the last paragraph, the phrase \"took to\" could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. began B. fled to C. carried to D. became friendly toward 答案为:A began 友人说选择D
我觉得也有道理，毕竟可以这样翻译:哺乳动物的大脑来源于他们那些喜欢丛林生活的祖先。。。。 become friendly toward的结构和take to一致。
take to v.开始, 喜欢, 沉溺于, 走向, 照料, 求助于, 适应 Section B
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the
Answer Sheet.
“Cambridge\" has been described as the loveliest city in England. It is the seat of one of the two oldest universities of the British Isles. The first 6lcame in 1209 from Oxford, but it was not 62 1284 that the first college, Peterhouse, was founded. 63 colleges founded in the14th,
15th and 16th 64 . Then no more were founded until the 19th century 65 new colleges 66 two for women. The 20th century has 67
68 (that is, they admit men and women). more new colleges, and some of the old ones have become
Perhaps the finest single building in the city is King's College Chapel built between 1446 and 1515 in
\"late perpendicular\" style. Also not to be missed are the Backs, the loveliest grounds next to the River Cam,
behind some of the colleges. Cambridge people, who are often a bit 69 that Oxford is 70 more ancient, sometimes say \"the backs at Cambridge are better than the fronts of Oxford!\"
61. A. scholars B. university C. name D. family 答案为:B
62. A. during B. before C. in D. until 答案为:D
63.A. More B. Less C. Some D. Other 答案为:A
64. A. decades B. centuries C. tents D. anniversary 答案为:B
65. A. then B. some C. and D. when
答案为:B 这个地方本人有疑问，看上去并非一个整个句子。 66. A. took B. concluded C. included D. excluded 答案为:C
67. A. witnessed B. see C. build D. founded
答案为:D
68. A. constitutional B. ultimate C. frivolous D. co-educational 答案为:D
69. A. interested B. embarrassed C. dismayed D. annoyed 答案为:C
70. A. measurably B. slightly C. little D. bit 答案为:B
2008年中石油职称英语考试题(试卷类型05)
英语, 中石油, 试卷, 职称, 考试英语, 中石油, 试卷, 职称, 考试 I. Vocabulary
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences itl this part. For each sentence there
are jour choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
1. The whole country __ with little red hearts on Valentine's Day. A. breaks out B. breaks in C. breaks into D. breaks off 2. If I were the president of a university 1 should __ a compulsory course in \"How
to Use Your Eyes\".
A. estate B. elapse C. escape D. establish
3. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply. A. appreciated B. approved C. appealed D. applied
4. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to.
A. grasp B. seize C. tackle D. revolve
5. I believe that truth and justice are to an enduring social order. A. formation B. fundamental C. fountain D. friction 6. Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.
A. brought out B. brought about C. brought in D. brought up
7. Some of these \"upside down\" airmail stamps are now __ over $6,000. A. worth B. worthwhile C. worthy D. worthed 8. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in
dictionaries.
A. known B. friendly C. common D. fantiliar
9. Being able to save and accumulate __ wealth is not automatic. A. conscious B. considerate C. considerable D. careful I 0. Wonderful __ of nature are all around us.
A. phenomena B. philosophy C. appearance D. experience 11. With winter here you can these skirts till you need them again next summer.
A. do away with B. put away C. get rid of D. give away 12. Do you know where the pictures on money ?
A. fell from B. resulted from C. removed from D. came from 13. The statement that oil originated in the sea is __ by a glance at a map showing
the chief oilfield of the world.
A. conformed B. confirmed C. confined D. confessed
14. Remember that customers don't __ about prices in that city.
A. discuss B. dispute C. bargain D. consult 15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death __ from heart disease than non-smoking
males.
A. speed B. degree C. rate D. price
16. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by
in-store.
A. decisive B. decide C. decisions D. decided 17. Few people who __ of high school will be rich. A. check in B. drop out C. check out D. run down 18.I often __ about how quickly time flies. A. conceive B. complain C. complaint D. compile
19. The good service at the hotel __ the poor food to some extent. A. made up for B. mad use of C. made for D. made out 20. The early pioneers had to __ many hardships to settle on the new land.
A. go along with B. go back on C. go through D. go into II. Grammatical Structure
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. More than two thousands __ work in this refinery. A. Russia B. Russias C. Russian D. Russians
22. __ in 1943 __ the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.
A. Only...that B. It was...then C. That it was...when D. It was...that
23. The population of Beijing is three times __ that of Qingdao. A. so large as B. as large to C. as large as D. as larger than 24. The young receptionist doesn't permit __ in the exhibition center.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. to have smoked 25. The clerk asked Robey __ later in the day. A. to return B. return C. returning D. to be returned
26. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for __ the Chinese people
are justly famous throughout the world. A. which B. what C. whom D. that
When I pulled into her driveway, she __ by the door with her coat on. A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
28. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies __ to determine whether smoking is a
health hazard.
A. is conducted B. being conducted C. have been conducted D. are conducted 29. There __ a lot of on the roads yesterday. A. were...traffics B. was...traffics C. were...traffic D. was...traffic
30. All the money __, we started looking for work. A. has been spent B. have been spent C. being spent D. having been spent 31. China and America are separated by. A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pacific Ocean C. the Pacific Ocean D. Pacific Oceans
32. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to __ was eaten.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
33. __ to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.
A. If Iran is B. If Iran was C. Was Iran D. Were Iran 34. One main branch of sea science, __, holds enormous unanswered questions.
A. physical oceanography B. is physical oceanography
C. called physical oceanography D. what is physical oceanography 35. He __ his office for there was no one to answer the phone. A. must have left B. must leave C. may have left D. can have left
36. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earth __ by water
more than 12,000 feet deep. A. is covered B. would be covered
C. could have been covered D. might had been covered
37. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend __ vacation.
A. its B. their C. his D. her
38. I will leave him a note __ he will know where we are. A. so that B. that C. in order D. in case
39. An __ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
40. The teacher thinks that Tom for the accident and instead we should try to
comfort him.
A. doesn't blame B. is to blame C. isn't to blame D. isn't blamed III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fbur choices marked
A, B, C and D. You shouM decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer
Sheet.
Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:
Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light
or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.
One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known
that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be
a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during
the day and lose it at night.
But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same
accuracy.
Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkest
color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later
than the Cape Cod tides.
Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as to the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each
othen Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights take place within a definite period of time. Birds also have built-in timepieces
which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each
day.
But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert
Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the
short days and long nights cause the \"clocks\" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of \"winding\" in
preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock \"ticks\occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and
hence when the \"alarm\" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stops--to be re-wound again the next fall.
41. The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governed
by ____.
A. hours of daylight B. the time of day in their native environments C. the moon D. something we don't understand completely
42. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to ____. A. amount of daylight B. time of tides C. time of sunrise D. its background
43. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to ____.
A. the position of the sun B. the day of the year C. the temperature D. the geographical location
44. What controls the migration of birds seems to be ____. A. time between sunrise and sunset B. breeding habits
C. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny days D. direction of migration
Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:
Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very
quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting. That is
why pills and capsules are also used.
The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect, either. Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, the pills dissolve too quickly. Scientists have been trying to develop a
pill that can release medicine slowly over a long period of time. They have applied
their knowledge of plants to produce the \"osmotic (渗透的) pumppill'. The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Cellulose is a very porous
substance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls of plants. These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. As water
enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This
slow, steady process is called osmosis.
The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill.The holes in the cellulose coating of the pill are big enough to allow water in the pill As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds
up and the medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill. 45. The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills and
capsules because____.
A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of time B. the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomach
C. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quickly D. it helps to build pressure in the body
46. The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called ____.
A. cellulose B. osmosis C. pressure D. synthesis
47. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pill
when ____
A. the pill is swallowed
B. the cellulose coating is dissolved C. enough pressure builds up in the pill
D. the medicine is dissolved with water from the body
48. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains
____
A. millions of tiny holes B. a substance that dissolves it C. a substance that creates pressure D. liquid medicine
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:
Prices defermine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad
of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility
services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the \"system\" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated
system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything
else.
If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define \"price\by the buyer to the seller
of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.
This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understmlding of a price in any particular
transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time
and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other
factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total \"package\" being exchanged for the asked amount of
money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
49. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ____.
A. labor and education
B. transportation and insurance C. utilities and repairs D. products and services
50. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in complete
understanding of price?
A. Instructions that come with a product.
B. The quantity of a product. C. The quality of a product. D. Warranties that cover a product.
51. In the last sentence of the passage, the word \"they\" refers to ____.
A. return privileges B. all the factors C. buyer and seller D. money
52. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ____. A. unusual ways to advertise products B. types of payment plans for service
C. theories about how products affect different levels of society D. how certain elements of a price \"package\" influence its market value
Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage: Following the end of the Apollo space program, the National
Geographic Society published an excellent set of articles about the moon. Here, in shorter form, are
some questions and answers from one of these articles. Is the moon like the earth?
Yes and no. It is more like it than many scientists thought before Apollo. Like the earth, the moon is in layers, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below. It may also have a core, as the earth does. However, the crust is almost four times thicker than the earth's crust. We do not know much yet about the moon's mantle, that section of
superheated rock which goes down hundreds of miles below the crust. We think~but we are not sure that the moon has a center core which
includes molten rock, a.s the earth does.
In other ways, of course, the moon is very different. There is no life, and
there is no water. The makeup of its atmosphere is very different; the earth
creatures cannot breathe in it. Is the moon hot or cold?
Most scientists agree that some of the moon was hot for at 1east a time. Rocks
from the moon show that they were once melted. Right now there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon, possibly a great deal of it. On the surface, however, there is no sign of heat -- no volcano, for example. The surface itself ranges from
heat of 230 F to cold of minus 290~F, depending upon where the sun is.
Where did the moon come from?
We don't know. The three main theories (ideas) are (1) that the moon was horn from the earth, (2) that the earth and the moon were born together at the same time from the same cloud of gas and dust, and (3) that the moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then captured by the earth's gravity. So far, none of these theories has been proved to be either fight or wrong. Professor George W. Wetherill of the
University of California in Los Angeles says that he would give the first two -theories each a 10 percent chance and the third theory a 20 percent chance.
The other 60 percent he would give to \"things we haven't thought of yet.\"
53. The atmosphere of the moon is __ that of the earth. A. much the same as B. harder to see than C. much different from D. cleaner than 54. The surface of the moon is ___. A. so hot that it warms the earth
B. much colder at all times than the earth
C. about the same as that of the earth in terms of heat and cold D. sometimes much hotter, sometimes much colder than the earth 55. In talking about the question of where the moon came from, Professor Wetherill of the University of California said that he believes that the answer is ____.
A. going to be found by 1990 at the latest B. that the moon was once part of the earth
C. a chmd of gas and dust thom which both the earth and the sun were born
D. probably something no one has thought of yet
56. Since earth creatures cannot breathe in the moon's atmosphere, we can safely
say that ____.
A. it is impossible for people to live on the moon
B. people would need special equipment in order to live on the moon C. there is no way to grow food there D. no one would want to live there
Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage: One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now
engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is
measuring up.
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking--still in private rather than in public whether its past assumptions about
faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the
problems of the 1990's.
Should Harvard --- or any other university --- be an intellectual sanctuary,
apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big
clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate,
several years ago.
\"If the universities are to do their work,\" he said, \"they must be independent and they must be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgments which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment
is impaired...'
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be \"disinterested\" but
activist in bringing the nation's ideals and actions together. Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even
clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American
universities and political life in the 1990's.
57. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should
remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should ___.
A. fight militarism
B. overcome the widespread drug dependency C. take an active part in solving society's ills D. support our old and established institutions 58. The word \"paradox\" in paragraph 1 is___. A. a parenthetical expression B. a difficult puzzle C. an abnormal condition D. a self-contradiction
59. The word \"sanctuary\" in paragraph 3 is___. A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god B. a temple or nunnery of middle age
C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps D. an academy for intelligent people
60. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard ___. A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
B. will soon be over, because dmes are bound to change C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends D. will influence future life in America Section B
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are
four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into
the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
In1772, Goethe went as a young lawyer to Wetzlar, where he fell in love with the fiancte of his close friend Kestner. 61 he returned to Frankfurt and later
discovered that Kestner had killed himself. These events formed the 62 of his
beautiful novel The Sorrows of Young Werther, which is the most important literary
work of the early romantic period.
In 1786, Goethe 63 Italy, and this had a strong 64 on his work, 65 him to 66
his earlier romantic style with the classic ideas to Greece and Rome. His masterpiece, \"Faust\of work.
It is the greatest dramatic poem in the German language.
Goethe died at Weimar in 1832. These days, his 68 as one of Europe's most famous poets is stronger than 69. And the town Frankfurt is always 70 with his
name throughout the world.
61. A. Mournfully B. Happily C. Deceived D. Broken-hearted
62. A. greatness B. condition C. basis D. reasons 63. A. went B. arrived C. toured D. came 64. A. resultant B. gear C. modify D. influence 65. A. permitted B. allowing C. making D. convincing 66. A. associate B. connect C. combine D. develop 67. A. result B. consequence C. ending D. product 68. A. reproach B. remainder C. reputation D. latter 69. A. forehead B. ever C. usual D. others
70. A. associated B. joined C. resulted D. Consulted IV. Translation
Directions: There are 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the
passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. A级: 71.
The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time. What was happening in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon. A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to their countries to report on
the technological innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Italy, benefited from starting
late, leapfrogging the long-drawn-out process that Britain went through.
This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent years. Over the last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore and now China grow at a pace that is four times that of Britain at tile peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies, of course, but also because they cleverly adopted certain ideas about development that had
worked in the West relatively free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them. And this shift is happening all around the world. From
Thailand to South Africa, from Brazil to Mexico, countries are far better managed
economically than they have ever been.
We are sometimes reluctant to believe in progress. But the evidence is unmistakable. The management of major economies has changed greatly in the last few years. Careful monetary policy has tempered the boom-and-bust economic cycles
of the industrial world, producing milder recessions and fewer shocks. Every day one reads of a new study compm-ing nations in everything from Intemet penelration
to interest rates. All these studies and lists are symbols of a learning process
that is accelerating, reinforcing the lessons of success and failure. B级: 71.
The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time. What was happening
in Britain during the lndustriai Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon. A succession of visitors to Britain would go back fo their countries to report on the technological innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn
extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Italy, benefited from starting
kate, leapfrogging the long-drawn out process that Britain went through.
This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent years. Over the
last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore and now China grow at a pace that is four times that of Britain at the peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies, of course, but also because
they cleverly adopted certain ideas about development that had worked in the
West--relatively free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them. And this shift is happening all around the world. From Thailand to South Afl-ica, from Brazil to Mexico, countries are far better managed ecommfically than
they have ever been.
下面内容为赠送的工作总结范文,不需要的朋友下载后可以编辑
删除!!!!
工作总结怎么写:医院个人工作总结范文
一年的时间很快过去了,在一年里,我在院领导、科室领导及同事们的关心不帮劣下圆满的宋成了各项工作,在思想觉悟方面有了更进一步的提高,本年度的工
作总结主要有以下几项:
1、工作质量成绩、效益和贡献。在开展工作之前做好个人工作计划,有主次的 先后及时的宋成各项工作,达到预期的效果,保质保量的宋成工作,工作效率高, 同时在工作中学习了很多东西,也锻炼了自己,经过不懈的劤力,使工作水平有 了长足的进步,开创了工作的新局面,为医院及部门工作做出了应有的贡献。 2、思想政治表现、品德素质修养及职业道德。能够认真贯彻党的基本路线方针
政策,认真学习马列主义、毛泽东思想、医学教,育网邓小平理论和“三个代表”
的重要思想。坚持“以病人中心”的临床服务理念,发扬救死扶伤的革命人道主
义精神,立足本职岗位,踏踏实实做好医疗服务工作。向各位局领导以及全体教职工进行述职,请予批评指正。
一、工作目标宋成情况
我校一年来,秉承“质量是生命,师德是灵魂,公平是民心,
安全是保障”的教育理念,以全面提升教育教学质量为核心,以标准化学校建设为突破口,以“让教育接地气,创建新学校”为学校发展目标,团结一心,攻坚克难,大打翻身仗,学校办学条件和办学效益实现了“质”的飞越。
在全体教职工的劤力下,我们基本宋成了《XX年目标管理责仸状》中的德育管理、教学管理、两基、师训、标准化学校建设、特色学校建设、艺体卫、财务管
理、捐资劣学、组织工作、信访监督、工会及团队、行风建设、安全、政务等xx项工作仸务。3、与业知识、工作能力和具体工作。能严格遵守医院的各项规章制度,刻苦严谨,视病人为上帝,始终把他们的利益放在第一位。能及时准
确的宋成病历、病程录的书写,对一些常见疾病能独立诊断、治疗。较好的宋成
了自己的本职工作。遇到问题能在查阅相关书籍仍不能解决的情况下,虚心的向
上级医生请教,自觉的做到感性认识和理性认识相结合,从而提高了自己发现问 题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。 二、主要亮点
1、确定和生成了“让教育接地气,创建新学校”的学校发展
目标。让教育接“地气”,创建“新”学校,是指教育必须遵循规律,脚踏实地,摒弃功利思想,拆掉空中楼阁,不折腾。劤力让学校教育贴着“地面”,接受地中之气。更多的关注学校教育不师生愿望、诉求、发展的最佳契合点,使教育根植于中华民族优秀文化的丰润土壤,根植于新中国教育的优秀经验,根植于中国的国情,根植于不时俱进的中国特色社会主义,使全体师生在学校教育中真正快乐成长、并福成长、茁壮成长,创建一个全“新”的学校。
2、在标准化学校建设工作中,全校上下戮力同心,攻坚克难,目前,已经顺利通过省级验收,并被评为市级先进,推荐省级先进。我们正在积极准备,迎接近期到来的省教育督导室的复检。在九月二十一日是的检查验收中,验收组的袁主仸用感劢、惊奇来形容他的心情,给予我校有内涵、有特色、有发展的高度评价,当场决定推荐我校为省级先进学校。
3、德育工作我们重点抓住“诵弟子规 孝行天下”德育主题
教育活劢,开展“孝道”教育,传递“正能量”。“一周一行”已经成为我校的一个传统,一大特色。学生为父母长辈洗脚洗头、端茶倒水,做家务等,使孩子们从小就懂得感恩,并带劢父母及全社会孝敬自己的父母长辈,促进社会风
气的好转,学校收到家长反馈信息四百余件。我们编写了《诵弟子规 做小孝星》校本教材,已经投入使用。学校自编了“孝亲操”,得到市督导室领导的首肯。(述职报告 )我们把感恩教育延伸到了校外,全校师生长期照顼无儿无女的抗美援朝老军人卢爷卢、卢奶奶,定期看望,送去生活用品,全体男教师为其捆玉米秸秆等,老人给学校送来了锦旗。主题读书活劢成果显著,我校吴彥川同学被选为我县唯一一名优秀学生进京领奖。学校设立朵朵爱心基金,全体师生每年募捐一次,用于救劣校内外的弱势群体。
4、劤力构建以培养学生自学能力为主的“构建自主学习的高效课埻”教改活劢,一年来,举行了上下学期各两个月的教改展示课活劢,天天展示,天天评课,使我们的教改取得了可喜欢的成果。曹红军的快乐课埻、王玉荣的自信课埻、周杰的高效课埻、宊永亮的激情课埻已经形成了鲜明教学风格。教学管理上,我们强化“规范”这一主旨,越是常规的工作,我们越是强制规范。学校实行查课制度,一年来,仅我参不的查课就进行了五次。
4、工作态度和勤奋敬业方面。热爱自己的本职工作,能够正确认真的对待每一项工作,工作投入,热心为大家服务,认真遵守劳劢纪律,保证按时出勤,出勤
率高,全年没有请假现象,有效利用工作时间,坚守岗位,需要加班宋成工作按 时加班加点,保证工作能按时宋成。
总结一年的工作,尽管有了一定的进步和成绩,但在一些方面还存在着不足。比 如有创造性的工作思路还不是很多,个别工作做的还不够宋善,这有待于在今后 的工作中加以改进。在新的一年里,我将认真学习各项政策规章制度,劤力使思想觉悟和工作效率全面进入一个新水平,为医院的发展做出更大的贡献。
医生的天职就是治病,这些基本工作我这么多年来一直在进步,虽然质变还是没 有发生,不过相信量变积累到一定程度,我就会迎来自己的质变和升华。我在不 断的提升我的思想素质和工作能力,我相信只要我做到了这一切,我就会迎来一 个美好的未来!
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