英语简答题答题思路与技巧

英语简答题答题思路与技巧

一、试题介绍

简答题分两部分：阅读材料和问题。阅读材料为一篇300字左右的文章，在文章后设三道小题，每小题2分，满分6分。要求考生阅读文章后，根据各小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

SHISHMAREF， an Eskimo village on an island off northwestern Alaska， is falling into the ocean. Giant storm waves have so hit the place—once well buffered by sea ice—that villagers voted in 2002 to leave their ancestral home for the mainland. They are being called one of the first refugees（难民） of global warming.

“We tend to describe climate change in terms that are abstract—a one degree rise in temperature， an increase in greenhouse gases—but when waves wash away a village， that’s concrete and very emotional，” says Igor Krupnik， an expert at the National Museum of Natural History. “When they lose a piece of their land， they aren’t just losing a certain number of square miles. They are losing part of their history and their memory. They are losing childhood events and grandparents’ tales.”

Before temperatures began to rise in Shishmaref about 30 years ago， 20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms. But the natives say the ice doesn’t freeze as solidly or as soon as it used to and now stretches only six or seven miles， leaving the community of 600 people more

exposed. Storms have swept houses into the ocean.

The villagers’ plan is to move to Tin Creek， a site on the Alaska mainland 12 miles away， and they have received $180 million from the government. Residents hope that in their new community they’ll be able to maintain their close ties， continue hunting animals， and keep fishing， much as their ancestors have done for centuries. “People are asking why the government should be spending so much money on so few people，” said a government official. “But people in Alaska are like everyone else. We want to help keep their culture alive.”

73. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “buffered”.

74. According to the villagers’ saying， what do we know about the sea ice around Shishmaref in the past？（回答词数不超过8个）

75. What is the villagers’ main purpose to rebuild their community？（回答词数不超过6个）

通读短文和短文后的问题可以知道，第73小题为词义猜测题，要求考生根据句子意思，猜出问题中单词的意思，然后在文章中找出与其意思相近的词；第74小题为细节理解题，而第75小题为目的推测题，这两道题要求考生在文章中找出与问题相关的信息，然后用不超过8个单词回答第74题，而用不超过6个单词回答第75小题。

二、答题思路

1. 正确审题是答题基础

审题正确保证所获取的信息正确，为正确答题提供保障；相反，如果审题错误，就会导致获取的信息错误，最后引起答题错误，因此第一步就要正确审题。正确的审题包括两个方面的要求：一是对问题的内容正确理解，上面的第73小题就是考查对单词 buffered 的理解，第74小题考查根据村民描述，推知 Shishmaref 周围过去 sea ice 的情况，第75小题考查对村民重建社区的主要目的的把握。二是对问题的要求准确把握，第73题要求在原文中找词义最接近的词，那么就不能用自己想的词去回答；74题的答案不能超过8个单词，第75题的答案不得超过6个单词。只有这样，把问题弄明白了，才能保证答题的方向正确。

2. 查找相关信息是答题的关键

信息是答题的根据。如果找不出信息，也就无法答题。因此查找相关信息是正确答题的关键。然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多，考生不能胡乱找出几句话作为答题的信息，而必须根据第一步对问题内容的理解，找出与问题内容相关的句子，从而使答案有据可依，保证答案内容正确。

3. 正确表达是答题的目的

正确表达是答题的归宿和目的。如果表达不正确，轻则影响得分，重则前功尽弃。因此，在找出了与问题相关的信息后，就必须结合问题的要求，对信息进行加工、整合、处理，从而使答案正确无误。

三、答题技巧

考试时间短，任务重，怎样才能使考试作答又快又准呢？考生应该掌握一下答题技巧。

1. 先题后文，有的放矢

考生在答题之前，先浏览一下问题，弄清问题的内容和要求。然后带着问题去阅读文章，从而可以避免文章中无关信息的干扰，使阅读有意识、有目的地进行。

2. 快速阅读，找出信息

阅读文章时，对于与问题无关的信息一扫而过，特别是对与问题无关的生词，当放下的就必须放下，切不可纠缠不清，耽误时间；而对于与问题相关的信息，在阅读时就应用笔将其圈划出来。如：